نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی دانشکدۀ علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد دانشکدة علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 . استاد گروه فیزیولوژی، دانشکدة پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی، یزد، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژی، دانشکدة پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی، یزد، ایران

چکیده

دیابت نوع دو نوعی بیماری مزمن متابولیکی است که با کلسیفیکاسوین عروقی و اختلال در میزان کربوهیدرات‏ها، لیپیدها و کمبود یا کاهش حساسیت به انسولین مشخص می‏شود. از طرفی به‌نظر می‏رسد نقش فعالیت ورزشی در کاهش میزان کلسیفیکاسوین عروقی مورد توجه است. در تحقیق حاضر به این مسئله پرداخته شد که آیا ۸ هفته تمرین تناوبی شدید  (HIIT)به کاهش کلسیفیکاسیون عروقی و بهبود نیمرخ لیپیدی در موش‏های مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو منجر می‏شود. پژوهش حاضر از نوع بنیادی و روش آن تجربی است. در این مطالعه۴۰ سر رت نر نژاد ویستار پس از آشناسازی با محیط آزمایشگاه به‌طور تصادفی به چهار گروه دیابت (۱۰T2D, n=) دیابت- ورزش (۱۰EX-T2D, n=)، ورزش- کنترل (۱۰EX,CON n=)  و کنترل (۱۰CON, n=) تقسیم شدند. طی 5 هفته مراحل القای دیابت به حیوانات در گروه دیابت انجام گرفت. تمرینات اینتروال ۳ جلسه در هفته به مدت ۸ هفته با ۱۰۰ درصد حداکثر سرعت دویدن روی نوار گردان اجرا شد. برای بررسی بیان ژن RUNX2 از روش Real time PCR , و روش کالیمتریک به‌منظور ارزیابی انسولین و گلوکز و شاخص‏های نیمرخ لیپیدی استفاده شد. حیوانات در گروه T2D در مقایسه با گروه کنترل افزایش در میزان گلوکز، تری‌گلیسیرید، کلسترول (۰۰۱/۰ P≤) و LDL (۰۵/۰ P≤) همچنین کاهش انسولین و HDL (۰۵/۰ P≤) را نشان دادند. در گروه ورزش بیان RUNX2 نسبت به گروه کنترل کاهش معنا‌داری داشت (۰۵/۰ P≤). همچنین میزان تری گلسیرید و کلسترول در گروه EX-T2D در مقایسه با گروه دیابت کمتر بود (۰۵/۰ P≤) . نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد تمرین تناوبی شدید منجر به کاهش کلسیفیکاسیون عروقی و بهبود شاخص‏های نیم‌رخ لیپیدی در موش‌های مبتلا به دیابت نوع دوم شد. با این حال مطالعات بیشتری مورد نیاز است

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training on vascular calcification index in mice with type 2 diabetes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Khani Sanij 1
  • Khosro Ebrahim 2
  • Ebrahim Rezvani 3
  • Hossein Azizian 4

1 Student, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health. Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health. Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Yazd. Iran

4 Associated Professor, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Yazd. Iran

چکیده [English]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by vascular classification and impaired carbohydrates, lipids, and lack of insulin secretion or decreased sensitivity to insulin metabolic effects. on the other hand, it seems the effect of exercise on vascular classification is an important issue. In the present study, we evaluated whether 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) decrease vascular calcification and improvement lipid profile in rats. Main Methods: 40 Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into diabetic (T2D), exercise-diabetic (EX-T2D), exercise (EX-CON), and control (CON) groups. After 5 weeks, diabetes was induced in all the T2D and the EX-T2D group. The EX-T2D group trained for 8 weeks. Real-time PCR and colorimetric were performed to investigate the expression of RUNX2 and lipid profile Key Findings: Rat in the T2D group had a significant increase in glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol (p≤0.001), and LDL(p≤0.05) as well as deceased in insulin and HDL (p≤0.05). compared to the control group. In exercise, groups of rats had a significant decrease in RUNX2 expression compared to the control group (p≤0.05). in addition, Triglyceride and cholesterol levels were lower in the EX-T2D group compared to the diabetes group (P≤0.05). Significance: Our data demonstrate that HIIT decreased vascular calcification and improved lipid profile in a mouse model of diabetes. However, further research is required to examine potential clinical relevance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Vascular calcification
  • High intensity interval training
  • RUNX2
  • Insulin
  1. 1.Mellitus D. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care. 2005;28(S37):S5-S10.

    2.Rajbhandari J, Fernandez CJ, Agarwal M, Yeap BXY, Pappachan JM. Diabetic heart disease: A clinical update. World Journal of Diabetes. 2021;12(4):383.

    3.Rogers MA, Aikawa E. Modifying vascular calcification in diabetes mellitus: contribution of O-GlcNAcylation. Am Heart Assoc; 2014.

    4.Singh A, Tandon S, Tandon C. An update on vascular calcification and potential therapeutics. Molecular Biology Reports. 2021. 1-10.

    5.Berliner J, Navab M, Fogelman A, Frank J, Demer L, Edwards P, et al. Atherosclerosis: Basic Mechanisms: Oxidation, Inflammation, and Genetics. ACC Current Journal Review. 1996;3(5):37.

    6.Campbell G, Campbell J. Vascular smooth muscle and arterial calcification. Zeitschrift für Kardiologie. 2000;89(2):S054-S62.

    7.Vattikuti R, Towler DA. Osteogenic regulation of vascular calcification: an early perspective. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology And Metabolism. 2004;286(5):E686-E96.

    8.Collin-Osdoby P. Regulation of vascular calcification by osteoclast regulatory factors RANKL and osteoprotegerin. Circulation research. 2004;95(11):1046-57.

    9.Giachelli CM, Speer MY, Li X, Rajachar RM, Yang H. Regulation of vascular calcification: roles of phosphate and osteopontin. Circulation research. 2005;96(7):717-22.

    10.Hofbauer L, Brueck C, Shanahan C, Schoppet M, Dobnig H. Vascular calcification and osteoporosis—from clinical observation towards molecular understanding. Osteoporosis International. 2007;18(3):251-9.

    11.Johnson RC, Leopold JA, Loscalzo J. Vascular calcification: pathobiological mechanisms and clinical implications. Circulation research. 2006;99(10):1044-59.

    12.Kay AM, Simpson CL, Stewart JA. The role of AGE/RAGE signaling in diabetes-mediated vascular calcification. Journal of diabetes research. 2016;2016.

    13.Boström KI. Where do we stand on vascular calcification? Vascular pharmacology. 2016;84:8-14.

    14.Yahagi K, Kolodgie FD, Lutter C, Mori H, Romero ME, Finn AV, et al. Pathology of human coronary and carotid artery atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in diabetes mellitus. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2017;37(2):191-204.

    15.Ong KL, McClelland RL, Allison MA, Cushman M, Garg PK, Tsai MY, et al. Lipoprotein (a) and coronary artery calcification: prospective study assessing interactions with other risk factors. Metabolism. 2021;116:154706.

    16.Tintut Y, Hsu JJ, Demer LL. Lipoproteins in cardiovascular calcification: potential targets and challenges. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine. 2018;5:172.

    17.Kawakami R, Katsuki S, Travers R, Romero DC, Becker-Greene D, Passos LSA, et al. S100A9-RAGE Axis Accelerates formation of macrophage-mediated extracellular vesicle microcalcification in diabetes mellitus. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2020;40(8):1838-53.

    1. Maddaloni E, Xia Y, Park K, D’Eon S, Tinsley LJ, St-Louis R, et al. High density lipoprotein modulates osteocalcin expression in circulating monocytes: a potential protective mechanism for cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes. Cardiovascular diabetology. 2017;16(1):1-11.

    19.Lin M-E, Chen T, Leaf EM, Speer MY, Giachelli CM. Runx2 expression in smooth muscle cells is required for arterial medial calcification in mice. The American journal of pathology. 2015;185(7):1958-69.

    20.Banerjee C, McCabe LR, Choi JY, Hiebert SW, Stein JL, Stein GS, et al. Runt homology domain proteins in osteoblast differentiation: AML3/CBFA1 is a major component of a bone‐specific complex. Journal of cellular biochemistry. 1997;66(1):1-8.

    21.Cobb AM, Yusoff S, Hayward R, Ahmad S, Sun M, Verhulst A, et al. Runx2 (Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2) Links the DNA Damage Response to Osteogenic Reprogramming and Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2021;41(4):1339-57.

    22.Mencke R, Hillebrands J-L, consortium N. The role of the anti-ageing protein Klotho in vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Ageing research reviews. 2017;35:124-46.

    23.Orfanidou T, Iliopoulos D, Malizos KN, Tsezou A. Involvement of SOX‐9 and FGF‐23 in RUNX‐2 regulation in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine. 2009;13(9b):3186-94.

    24.Zhang Z-Y, Wang N, Qian L-L, Miao L-F, Dang S-P, Wu Y, et al. Glucose fluctuations promote aortic fibrosis through the ROS/p38 MAPK/Runx2 signaling pathway. Journal of vascular research. 2020;57(1):24-33.

    25.Codella R, Terruzzi I, Luzi L. Why should people with type 1 diabetes exercise regularly? Acta diabetologica. 2017;54(7):615-30.

    26.Pan B, Ge L, Xun Y-q, Chen Y-j, Gao C-y, Han X, et al. Exercise training modalities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2018;15(1):72.

    27.Kirwan JP, Sacks J, Nieuwoudt S. The essential role of exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine. 2017;84(7 Suppl 1):S15.

    28.Chen Y, Wang S, Bu S, Wang Y, Duan Y, Yang S. Treadmill training prevents bone loss by inhibition of PPARγ expression but not promoting of Runx2 expression in ovariectomized rats. European journal of applied physiology. 2011;111(8):1759-67.

    29.Delaney JA, Jensky NE, Criqui MH, Whitt-Glover MC, Lima JA, Allison MA. The association between physical activity and both incident coronary artery calcification and ankle brachial index progression: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2013;230(2):278-83.

    30.Pieralice S, Vigevano F, Del Toro R, Napoli N, Maddaloni E. Lifestyle management of diabetes: implications for the bone-vascular axis. Current diabetes reports. 2018;18(10):1-13.

    31.Jing-Xin L, Lin Z, Pei-Jun L, Ning L, Yan-Bing X. Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training on glycemic control and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2018.

    32.Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2− ΔΔCT method. methods. 2001;25(4):402-8.

    33.Gennaro G, Claudino M, Cestari TM, Ceolin D, Germino P, Garlet GP, et al. Green tea modulates cytokine expression in the periodontium and attenuates alveolar bone resorption in type 1 diabetic rats. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0134784.

    34.Chen J, Lin Y, Sun Z. Deficiency in the anti‐aging gene Klotho promotes aortic valve fibrosis through AMPK α‐mediated activation of RUNX 2. Aging cell. 2016;15(5):853-60.

    1. Chen Y, Zhao X, Wu H. Arterial stiffness: a focus on vascular calcification and its link to bone mineralization. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2020;40(5):1078-93.

    36.MacInnis MJ, Gibala MJ. Physiological adaptations to interval training and the role of exercise intensity. The Journal of physiology. 2017;595(9):2915-30.

    37.Liu Y, Sun Z, Chen T, Yang C. Does exercise training improve the function of vascular smooth muscle? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Research in Sports Medicine. 2021:1-16.

    38.Zheng L, Rao Z, Guo Y, Chen P, Xiao W. High-intensity interval training restores glycolipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of mice with type 2 diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2020;11.

    1. Iaccarino G, Franco D, Sorriento D, Strisciuglio T, Barbato E, Morisco C. Modulation of insulin sensitivity by exercise training: implications for cardiovascular prevention. Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research. 2021;14(2):256-70.
    2. Gheibi S, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. A practical guide for induction of type-2 diabetes in rat: Incorporating a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2017;95:605-13.
    3. Soori R, Ravasi A, Choobineh S, Motiee M, Sohrabi F, Baesi K, et al. The response of insulin signaling proteins IRS1 and PTP-1B to endurance, HIIT and resistance training in rats with experimental diabetes. Science & Sports. 2019;34(3):e229-e33.
    4. Misra A, Alappan NK, Vikram NK, Goel K, Gupta N, Mittal K, et al. Effect of supervised progressive resistance-exercise training protocol on insulin sensitivity, glycemia, lipids, and body composition in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2008;31(7):1282-7.

    43.Wang N, Liu Y, Ma Y, Wen D. High-intensity interval versus moderate-intensity continuous training: Superior metabolic benefits in diet-induced obesity mice. Life sciences. 2017;191:122-31.

    44.Esfarjani F, Rashidi F, Marandi SM. The effect of aerobic exercise on blood glucose, Lipid Profile and Apo. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. 2013;13(2):132-41.

    45.Rashidlamir A, Alizadeh A, Ebrahimiatri A, Dastani M. The effect of four-week period of aerobic exercise with cinnamon consumption on lipoprotein indicates and blood sugar in diabetic female patients (type 2). SSU_Journals. 2013;20(5):605-14.