نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I
نویسندگان
1 استادیار،گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد گیلان غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،گیلان غرب، ایران.
2 دانشجوی دکتری تربیت بدنی،واحد جهرم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،جهرم، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، واحد لامرد ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لامرد ، ایران
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر 12 هفته تمرین هوازی و مصرف عصارۀ کنگر فرنگی بر قند خون و مقاومت به انسولین و ارتباط آن با وضعیت شناختی سالمندان دچار اختلال شناختی خفیف (MCI) بود.بدین‌منظور 40 نفر از سالمندانی که از پرسشنامۀ MMSE نمرۀ بین 21 تا 25 کسب کردند، به‌صورت هدفمند در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به‌طور تصادفی در 4 گروه تمرین هوازی، کنگر فرنگی، تمرین هوازی + کنگر فرنگی، و دارونما (هر گروه 10 نفر) قرار گرفتند. مداخلات به مدت 12 هفته انجام گرفت. تمرین هوازی شامل 8 دقیقه دویدن با شدت 75 تا 85 درصد حداکثر ضربان قلب ذخیره در جلسۀ اول بود. هر دو جلسه یک دقیقه به زمان دویدن افزوده می‌شد تا پس از 12 هفته، زمان دویدن به 26 دقیقه رسید. عصارۀ کنگر فرنگی به‌صورت کپسول با دوز 300 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن در روز مصرف شد.یافته‌ها نشان داد قند خون و مقاومت به انسولین دو گروه تمرین و تمرین + کنگر فرنگی به‌طور معنادار کاهش یافتند (05/0P<). وضعیت شناختی در سه گروه مداخله در مقایسه با گروه دارونما به‌طور معنادار افزایش یافت که این افزایش در گروه تمرین + کنگر فرنگی بیشتر بود (05/0P<). با افزایش وضعیت شناختی نیز قند خون و مقاومت به انسولین کاهش یافتند ((05/0P<).نتایج نشان داد هم تمرینات هوازی و هم مصرف عصارۀ کنگر فرنگی به‌صورت تلفیقی با بهبود وضعیت شناختی سالمندان دچار اختلال شناختی خفیف می‌توانند سیر پیش‌روندۀ این اختلال شناختی را کند و شاید متوقف سازند. همچنین این تغییرات می‌تواند با کاهش قند خون و مقاومت به انسولین از بروز بیماری دیابت ناشی از اختلال شناختی پیشگیری کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of Consuming Artichoke Extract with Aerobic Training on Blood Glucose and Insulin Resistance and Its Relationship with the Cognitive Status in Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment
نویسندگان [English]
- Mehran Ghahramani 1
- Yahya Zare 2
- Mohammad-Ali Kohanpour 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Gilan-E-Gharb Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gilan-E-Gharb, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student, Department of Physical Education, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
3 Assistant Professor , Department of Exercise Physiology, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training and consumption of artichoke extract on blood glucose and insulin resistance and its relationship with the cognitive status in elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: 40 elderly people who obtained a score between 21 and 25 from the MMSE questionnaire were randomly selected, and randomly divided into 4 groups: aerobic training, artichoke, aerobic training + artichoke, and placebo (each group 10 People) were placed. The interventions were performed for 12 weeks. The aerobic training consisted of eight minutes of running with intensity of 75 to 85% of the maximum stored heart rate in the first session. After two sessions added one minute to the running time, so that after 12 weeks, the running time reached 26 minutes. Artichoke extract was taken in capsules at a dose of 300 mg / kg body weight per day. Results: Blood glucose and insulin resistance decreased significantly in two groups of training and training + artichokes (P <0.05). Cognitive status increased significantly in the three intervention groups compared with the placebo group, which was higher in the training + artichoke group (P <0.05). As cognitive status increased, blood glucose and insulin resistance decreased (P <0.05). Conclusion: Consumption of artichoke extract along with aerobic training for 12 weeks can possibly slow the progressive course of mild cognitive impairment and may stop and prevent the onset of diabetes due to this disorder.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Aerobic training
- Artichoke
- Cognitive impairment
- Cognitive status
- Diabetes
Copyright © 2021
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
- Sharif-zadeh QR, Moudi M, Akhbari H. Health situation of elderly supported by Imam Khomeini charity. Iran Elderly Mag. 2010; 5(17):52-60. (in persian).
- Sohrabi MB, Zolfaghari P, Mahdizade F, et al. Evaluation and comparison of cognitive state and depression in elderly admitted in sanitarium with elderly sited in personal home. Knowledge & health. 2008; 3(2):27-33. (in persian).
- Torpy JM, Lynm C, Glass RM. JAMA patient page. Dementia. JAMA. 2010; 304(17):972. researches on cognition impairment in diabetes. Chines Journal of Integrative Medicine, 12, 68-74.
- Plastino, M., Fava, A., Pirritano, D., Cotronei, P., Sacco, N., Spano, A., et al. Effectes of insulin therapy on cognition impairment in patient with Alzheimer disease and diabetes mellitus type-2. Journal of the Neurological Sciences,2010; 288, 112-116.
- Baker, L. D, Cross, D. J., Minoshima, S., Belongia, D., Watson, S., & Craft, S. Insulin resistance and Alzheimer-like reduction in regional cerebral glucose metabolism for cognitively normal adult with prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes. Archives of Neurology.2010; 68, 51-57.
- Wood, L., & Setter, S. M. Type 3 diabetes: Brain diabetes. US Pharmacist. 2010;35, 36-41.
- Kohanpour MA, Peeri M, Azarbayjani MA. The effects of aerobic exercise with lavender essence use on cognitive state and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2017; 6(2):80-84.
- Xiao-chun, L., Sai-shan, G., & Hagino, N. Current Stutus of clinical and experimental.2006.
- Roghani M, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Azad E.Effect of cynara scolymus feeding on learning and memory status of diabetic rats.Pajoohande. 2010; 15(2):88-94. (in persian).
- Shimoda H, Ninomiya K, Nishida N, Yoshino T, Morikawa T, et al. Anti-hyperlipidemic sesquiterpenes and new sesquiterpene glycosides from the leaves of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.): structure requirement and mode of action. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2003;13(2):223-8.
- Nitta A, Murai R, Suzuki N, Ito H, Nomoto H, Katoh G, Furukawa Y, et al. Diabetic neuropathies in brain are induced by deficiency of BDNF. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2002;24:695-701.
- Ferracane R, Pellegrini N, Visconti A, Graziani G, Chiavaro E, Miglio C, Fogliano V. Effects of different cooking methods on antioxidant profile, antioxidant capacity, and physical characteristics of artichoke. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(18):8601-8.
- Mehmetçik G, Ozdemirler G, Koçak-Toker N, Cevikbaş U, Uysal M. Effect of pretreatment with artichoke extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and oxidative stress. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2008;60(6):475-80.
- Wittemer SM, Ploch M, Windeck T, Müller SC, Drewelow B, Derendorf H, et al. Bioavilability and pharmacokinetics of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids after oral administration of artichoke leaf extracts in humans. Phytomedicine. 2005;12(1-2): 28-38.
- Hillman CH, Motl RW, Pontifex MB, et al. Physical activity and cognitive function in a cross-section of younger and older community-dwelling individuals. Health Psychol. 2006; 25:678-87.
- Lee S & Kim Y. Effects of exercise alone on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in obese youth. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal. 2013; 37 225–232.
- Fedewa MV, Gist NH, Evans EM & Dishman RK. Exercise and insulin resistance in youth: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2014;133 163–174.
- Nillson J, Parker MG, Kabir ZN. Assessing Health – Relatel quality of life among older people in Rural Bangladesh. J of Trans Cultural Nursing. 2004;15(4):298-307.
- Frooghian M, Jafari Z, Shirinbaiani P, et al. Standardization of brief examination of cognitive status of elderly in Tehran. Advanced cognitive science Journal. 2008; 10(2):29‐ (in persian).
- Arablou T, Aryaeian N, Valizadeh M, Hosseini A, Djalali M. The effect of ginger consumption on some cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . RJMS. 2014; 21 (118) :1-12. (in persian).
- Biessels GJ, ter Laak MP, Kamal A, Gispen WH. Effects of the Ca2+ antagonist nimodipine on functional deficits in the peripheral and central nervous system of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Brain Res. 2005;1035:86-93.
- Mehmetçik G, Ozdemirler G, Koçak-Toker N, Cevikbaş U, Uysal M. Effect of pretreatment with artichoke extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and oxidative stress. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2008;60(6):475-80.
- Schütz K, Kammerer D, Carle R, Schieber A. Identification and quantification of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L) heads, juice, and pomace by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS(n). J Agric Food Chem. 2004;52(13):4090-6.
- Li H, Xia N, Brausch I, Yao Y, Förstermann U. Flavonoids from artichoke [Cynara scolymus L.] upregulate endothelial-type nitric-oxide synthase gene expression in human endothelial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004;310(3): 926-32.
- Miller I, Vanessa T, Patrick SR, et al. Measuring the impact of exercise on cognitive aging: methodological Neurobiology of Aging.2012; 33:622-629.
- Adlard PA, Perreau VM, Pop V, et al. Voluntary exercise decreases amyloid load in a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci. 2005; 25:4217-4221.
- Reinehr T & Andler W. Changes in the atherogenic risk factor profile according to degree of weight loss. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2004;89 419–422.
- Yousefi MR, Bakhtiyari S, Valizadeh A. Reviewing and comparing the impact of aerobic exercise (3 and 5 times per week) on insulin receptors, glucose transporter protein (GLUT4), and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats. J App Pharm Sci. 2017;7(02): 132-136.
)