نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار، دانشکدة تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار، دانشکدة تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
4 دانشیار پژوهشکدة علوم غدد و متابولیسم، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
5 دانشیار، دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
با توجه به تأثیرگذاری مکمل HMB بر عملکرد ورزشی، تمایل به مصرف آن به‌منظور کسب کارایی بیشتر افزایش یافته است، بنابراین هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر 6 روز مصرف مکمل HMB-FA بر فاکتورهای مؤثر در هایپرتروفی و ریکاوری در مردان غیرفعال بود. 20 مرد غیرفعال با شاخص تودة بدنی 1±5/21 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع و سن 4± 1/25سال به دو گروه ورزش + دارونما و ورزش + مکمل تقسیم شدند. آزمودنی‌ها 6 روز پیش از شروع فعالیت مقاومتی به مصرف مکمل HMB-FA پرداختند. نمونة بیوپسی عضلانی بلافاصله پیش و 10 دقیقه پس از فعالیت مقاومتی و نمونة خونی پیش و بلافاصله و 48 ساعت پس از ورزش از آزمودنی‌ها گرفته شد. نتایج آزمون آنکوا نشان داد افزایش معنا‌داری (001/0=P) بین سطوح سرمی تستوسترون پیش و بلافاصله پس از ورزش در گروه ورزش + دارونما در مقایسه با ورزش + مکمل وجود داشت. همچنین افزایش معنا‌داری (001/0=P) در مقادیر P70S6K ، و کاهش معنا‌داری (001/0=P) در سطوح سرمی کراتین کیناز (CK) و لاکتات دهیدروژناز (LDH) بین گروه ورزش + مکمل با گروه ورزش + دارونما مشاهده شد. بنابراین مصرف حاد مکمل HMB پیش از فعالیت مقاومتی موجب افزایش مقادیر P70S6K به‌عنوان شاخص هایپرتروفی و کاهش CK و لاکتات LDH به‌عنوان شاخص آسیب عضلانی می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Acute Effect of HMB-FA Supplement and Sport Activity on Some Factors that Influence Hypertrophy and Muscle Damage in Inactive Men
نویسندگان [English]
- Seyed Mostafa Mozafar Mousavi 1
- Maryam Nourshahi 2
- R Ghara khanlou 3
- mehdi hedayati 4
- ali akbarnejad 5
1 Ph.D. Student of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Trarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
5 Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Considering the impact of HMB supplement on sport performance, the tendency to consume it in order to achieve more efficiency has increased. Accordingly, the present study investigates the impact of a 6-day consumption of HMB-FA supplement on factors that influence hypertrophy and recovery in inactive men. 20 inactive men with a body mass index of 21.5±1 kg/m2 and age of 25.1±4 years were classified into the following two groups: sport with placebo and sport with supplement. The subjects started to consume HMB-FA supplement 6 days before resistance exercises. The muscle biopsy samples were taken from the subjects immediately before and 10 minutes after resistance exercise. Similarly, blood samples were taken immediately before and after as well as 48 after the exercise. The Results of independent t-test indicated that there is a significant increase (p =0.001) between serum levels of testosterone before and immediately after exercise in sport with placebo group in comparison with sport with supplement group. In addition, there is a significant increase (p =0.001) in P70S6K values and a significant decrease (p =0.001) in serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) between sport with supplement group and sport with placebo. Therefore, acute consumption of HMB supplement before resistance exercise can increase P70S6K values as the index of hypertrophy. By the same token, it decreases CK and LDH as the indices of muscle damage
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Creatine Kinase
- Lactate Dehydrogenase
- Muscle Biopsy
- P70S6K
- Testosterone
- 1. Maughan RJ, Burke LM. Practical nutritional recommendations for the athlete. Sports Nutrition: More Than Just Calories-Triggers for Adaptation. 69: Karger Publishers; 2011. p. 131-50.
- Fitschen PJ, Wilson GJ, Wilson JM, Wilund KR. Efficacy of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation in elderly and clinical populations. Nutrition. 2012.
- Wilson GJ, Wilson JM, Manninen AH. Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on exercise performance and body composition across varying levels of age, sex, and training experience: A review. Nutrition & metabolism. 2008;5(1):1.
- MIRANDA M, SOUZA R, CAPERUTO E. β-hydroxy–β-methylbutyrate (HMβ), Physical training and skeletal muscle: a systematic review. J Morphol. 2017;34(2):107-13.
- Fuller JC, Sharp RL, Angus HF, Baier SM, Rathmacher JA. Free acid gel form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) improves HMB clearance from plasma in human subjects compared with the calcium HMB salt. British Journal of Nutrition. 2011;105(3):367-72.
- Wilson JM, Lowery RP, Joy JM, Walters JA, Baier SM, Fuller JC, et al. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid reduces markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and improves recovery in resistance-trained men. British Journal of Nutrition. 2013;110(3):538-44.
- 7 Wilson JM, Fitschen PJ, Campbell B, Wilson GJ, Zanchi N, Taylor L, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB). Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2013;10(1):6.
- Koch A, Pereira R, Machado M. The creatine kinase response to resistance exercise. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2014;14(1):68-77.
- Callegari GA, Novaes JS, Neto GR, Dias I, Garrido ND, Dani C. Creatine Kinase and Lactate Dehydrogenase Responses After Different Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Protocols. Journal of human kinetics. 2017;58(1):65-72.
- Foschini D, Prestes J. Acute hormonal and immune responses after a bi-set strength training. Age (anos). 2008;22(1.9):20.
- Basualto-Alarcón C, Jorquera G, Altamirano F, Jaimovich E, Estrada M. Testosterone signals through mTOR and androgen receptor to induce muscle hypertrophy. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2013;45(9):1712-20.
- Wilkinson D, Hossain T, Hill D, Phillips B, Crossland H, Williams J, et al. Effects of leucine and its metabolite β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate on human skeletal muscle protein metabolism. The Journal of physiology. 2013;591(11):2911-23.
- Paddon-Jones D, Keech A, Jenkins D. Short-term β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation does not reduce symptoms of eccentric muscle damage. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism. 2001;11(4):442-50.
- Kraemer WJ, Hatfield DL, Comstock BA, Fragala MS, Davitt PM, Cortis C, et al. Influence of HMB supplementation and resistance training on cytokine responses to resistance exercise. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2014;33(4):247-55.
- Allison AG. The effects of a 12-week resistance training program combined with casein or whey protein supplementation on body composition, muscle strength, and markers of satellite cell activation in older males 2010.
- Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA. Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training. Sports medicine. 2005;35(4):339-61.
- Wilson JM, Kim J-s, Lee S-r, Rathmacher JA, Dalmau B, Kingsley JD, et al. Acute and timing effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on indirect markers of skeletal muscle damage. Nutrition & metabolism. 2009;6(1):6.
- Stanković A, Đorđević-Nikić M, Kukić F, Petrović M, Cvijanović N, Todorović N. The effect of strength training on the testosterone level in men. Fizička kultura. 2013;67(2):157-66.
- Hayot M, Michaud A, Koechlin C, Caron M, Leblanc P, Prefaut C, et al. Skeletal muscle microbiopsy: a validation study of a minimally invasive technique. European Respiratory Journal. 2005;25(3):431-40.
- Kudrna RA. The Effects of Resistance Exercise, Resistance Training, and a Multi-Ingredient High Caffeine Pre-Exercise Supplement on the p38 and ERK1/2 Cellular Signaling Proteins: University of Kansas; 2014.
- Asadi A, Arazi H, Suzuki K. Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate-free acid supplementation on strength, power and hormonal adaptations following resistance training. Nutrients. 2017;9(12):1316.
- Wilson JM, Lowery RP, Joy JM, Andersen J, Wilson SM, Stout JR, et al. The effects of 12 weeks of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and power in resistance-trained individuals: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. European journal of applied physiology. 2014;114(6):1217-27.
- Ransone J, Neighbors K, Lefavi R, Chromiak J. The effect of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate on muscular strength and body composition in collegiate football players. Journal of strength and conditioning research. 2003;17(1):34-9.
- Silva VR, Belozo FL, Micheletti TO, Conrado M, Stout JR, Pimentel GD, et al. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation may improve recovery and muscle adaptations after resistance training: A systematic review. Nutrition Research. 2017;45:1-9.
- Hawley JA, Hargreaves M, Joyner MJ, Zierath JR. Integrative biology of exercise. Cell. 2014;159(4):738-49.
- Albert FJ, Morente-Sánchez J, Ortega FB, Castillo MJ, Gutiérrez Á. Usefulness of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in different sports: an update and practical implications. Nutricion hospitalaria. 2015;32(1):20-33.
- Jakubowski JS, Wong EP, Nunes EA, Noguchi KS, Vandeweerd JK, Murphy KT, et al. Equivalent Hypertrophy and Strength Gains in HMB-or Leucine-supplemented Men. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2018.
- Townsend JR, Hoffman JR, Gonzalez AM, Jajtner AR, Boone CH, Robinson EH, et al. Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid ingestion and resistance exercise on the acute endocrine response. International journal of endocrinology. 2015;2015.
- Vingren JL, Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Anderson JM, Volek JS, Maresh CM. Testosterone physiology in resistance exercise and training. Sports medicine. 2010;40(12):1037-53.
- Rietjens R. Acute Testosterone Responses to Different Resistance Exercise Intensities. 2014.
- Marques P, Skorupskaite K, George JT, Anderson RA. Physiology of GnRH and gonadotropin secretion. Endotext [Internet]: MDText. com, Inc.; 2018.
- Gonzalez AM, Stout JR, Jajtner AR, Townsend JR, Wells AJ, Beyer KS, et al. Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid and cold water immersion on post-exercise markers of muscle damage. Amino acids. 2014;46(6):1501-11.
- Lowery RP, Joy JM, Rathmacher JA, Baier SM, Fuller JC, Shelley MC, et al. Interaction of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid and adenosine triphosphate on muscle mass, strength, and power in resistance trained individuals. Journal of strength and conditioning research. 2016;30(7):1843-54.
)