نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 گروه فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

2 نویسندۀ مسؤول، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: عفونت در دوران نوزادی اضطراب را افزایش می‌دهد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر یک دوره تمرینات شنا و داروی مینوسایکلین پس از عفونت دوران کودکی بر سطح اضطراب و سطح مالون ‌دی‌آلدئید در هیپوکامپ و پرفرونتال کورتکس موش‌های نژاد NMRI بود.
روش پژوهش: به‌منظور القای عفونت، در روزهای سوم و پنجم پس از تولد حیوانات به مدت 15 روز لیپوپلی ساکارید دریافت کردند. حیوانات به پنج گروه کنترل، لیپوپلی ساکارید، لیپوپلی ساکارید+مینوسیکلین، لیپوپلی‌ساکارید+ورزش و لیپوپلی ساکارید+ورزش+ مینوسایکلین تقسیم شدند. طول دوره چهار هفته و دوز مینوسایکلین 20 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم بود. از تست اضطراب فضای باز به‌منظور اندازه‌گیری سطوح اضطراب استفاده شد. آنالیز واریانس یکطرفه با آزمون تعقیبی توکی در سطح معنا‌داری 0.05 استفاده شد.  
یافته‌ها: سطوح MDA در گروه لیپوپلی‌ساکارید در هر دو بخش هیپوکامپ و پری‌فرونتال بالاترین مقدار را در مقایسه با گروه کنترل داشت (0.05 ≥P). درصد تغییرات MDA هیپوکامپ گروه لیپوپلی­ساکارید + ورزش + مینوسایکلین نسبت به گروه کنترل 14 درصد کاهش و MDA پری فرونتال گروه لیپوپلی­ساکارید + ورزش + مینوسایکلین نسبت به گروه کنترل 20 درصد افزایش داشت. زمان سپری‌شده و تعداد ورود در تست اضطراب فضای باز در گروه لیپوپلی­ساکارید + ورزش + مینوسایکلین در مقایسه با سایر گروه‌ها افزایشی و در گروه لیپوپلی­ساکارید کاهشی بود (0.05 ≥P).
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد ورزش شنا و داروی مینوسایکلین می‌تواند عوارض ناشی از اضطراب ناشی از عفونت دوران کودکی را با تغییرات MDA تغییر دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of a Course of Swimming and Minocycline Exercises After Childhood Infection on Anxiety and Malondialdehyde Levels in the Hippocampus and Peripheral Cortex of NMRI Mice

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rogayyeh Mahdavi 1
  • Saeid Naghibi 2
  • Ali Barzegari 1

1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Corresponding Author, Department of Exercise Physiology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Infection in infancy increases the level of anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a course of swimming exercises and minocycline medication after childhood infection on the level of anxiety and malondialdehyde levels in the hippocampus and peripheral cortex of NMRI mice.

Methods: In order to induce infection, on the third and fifth day after birth, the animals received lipopolysaccharide for 15 days. Animals were divided into 5 groups, consist of control, LPS; LPS+ Min; LPS + Ex and LPS+ Ex +Min were divided. The duration of the course was 4 weeks and the dose of minocycline was 20 mg/kg. The Open Field test anxiety was used to measure anxiety levels. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05 was used.

Results: MDA levels in the LPS group were the highest in both the hippocampus and prefrontal sections compared to the Control group (P ≥ 0.05). The percentage of hippocampal MDA changes in the LPS+Min+EX group decreased by 14% compared to the control group, and the prefrontal MDA of the LPS+Min+EX group increased by 20% compared to the control group. So that the elapsed time and the number of entries in the Open Field test were increased in the LPS+Min+Ex group compared to other groups and decreased in the LPS group (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion: The results showed that swimming exercise and minocycline can change the effects of anxiety caused by childhood infection with changes in MDA.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anxiety
  • Childhood Infection
  • Malondialdehyde
  • Minocycline
  • Swimming Exercises
  1. Rahimi S, Peeri M, Azarbayjani MA, Anoosheh L, Ghasemzadeh E, Khalifeh N, et al. Long-term exercise from adolescence to adulthood reduces anxiety-and depression-like behaviors following maternal immune activation in offspring. Physiology & Behavior. 2020;226:113130.
  2. Liu Z, Zhu Z, Zhao J, Ren W, Cai Y, Wang Q, et al. Malondialdehyde: a novel predictive biomarker for post-stroke depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2017;220:95-101.
  3. Dekany M, Nemeskeri V, Györe I, Harbula I, Malomsoki J, Pucsok J. Antioxidant status of interval-trained athletes in various sports. International journal of sports medicine. 2006;27(02):112-6.
  4. Yang R-L, Shi Y-H, Hao G, Li W, Le G-W. Increasing oxidative stress with progressive hyperlipidemia in human: relation between malondialdehyde and atherogenic index. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition. 2008;43(3):154-8.
  5. Cherian DA, Peter T, Narayanan A, Madhavan SS, Achammada S, Vynat GP. Malondialdehyde as a marker of oxidative stress in periodontitis patients. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences. 2019;11(Suppl 2):S297.
  6. Elbalshy MM, Mohamed ME, Rahma AF. Effect of aerobic exercise on serum adiponectin and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) in type 1 diabetic patients. Eur J Prev Med. 2017;5(5):71-6.
  7. Akram S, Tabssum M, Rao M, Qureshi HJ. Effect of endurance exercise on oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde in type 2 diabetic mice. The Professional Medical Journal. 2020;27(07):1493-8.
  8. Alfred E, Olu AB, Joy EI, Sunday J, Dennis A. The levels of C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde and absolute lymphocyte counts in Pre and post-acute exercise. J Sports Med Doping Stud. 2017;7(188):2161-0673.1000188.
  9. Sadeghi S, Rahimi R. GH and IGF-1 hormone response to resistance two different high volume of rest between sets. J of Olympic. 2009;1(45):57-68.
  10. Usefpor M, Ghasemnian AA, Rahmani A. The Effect of a period of high intensive interval training on total antioxidant capacity and level of liver tissue malondialdehyde in male Wistar rats. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. 2017;22(5):103-10.
  11. Gharakhanlou R, Afzalpour ME, Gaeini AA, Rahnama N. Effects of aerobic exercises on the serum paraoxonase 1/arylesterase activity and lipid profile in non-active healthy men. International Journal of Sports Science and Engineering. 2007;1:105-12.
  12. Majidi-Zolbanin J, Azarfarin M, Samadi H, Enayati M, Salari A-A. Adolescent fluoxetine treatment decreases the effects of neonatal immune activation on anxiety-like behavior in mice. Behavioural brain research. 2013;250:123-32.
  13. Salvarci A, Koroglu M, Gurpinar T. Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of minocycline and rifampin-impregnated silicone surfaces in an in vitro urinary system model. J Pak Med Assoc. 2015;65(2):114-9.
  14. Du Y, Ma Z, Lin S, Dodel RC, Gao F, Bales KR, et al. Minocycline prevents nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2001;98(25):14669-74.
  15. Cai Z, Wang C, Chen Y, He W. An antioxidant role by minocycline via enhancing the activation of LKB1/AMPK signaling in the process of cerebral ischemia injury. Current molecular medicine. 2018;18(3):142-51.
  16. Binder E, Droste SK, Ohl F, Reul JM. Regular voluntary exercise reduces anxiety-related behaviour and impulsiveness in mice. Behavioural brain research. 2004;155(2):197-206.
  17. Lawton E, Brymer E, Clough P, Denovan A. The relationship between the physical activity environment, nature relatedness, anxiety, and the psychological well-being benefits of regular exercisers. Frontiers in psychology. 2017;8:1058.
  18. Chen Y-C, Chen C, Martínez RM, Etnier JL, Cheng Y. Habitual physical activity mediates the acute exercise-induced modulation of anxiety-related amygdala functional connectivity. Scientific reports. 2019;9(1):1-12.
  19. Gordon BR, McDowell CP, Lyons M, Herring MP. Resistance exercise training for anxiety and worry symptoms among young adults: a randomized controlled trial. Scientific reports. 2020;10(1):1-9.
  20. Bashiri H, Enayati M, Bashiri A, Salari A-A. Swimming exercise improves cognitive and behavioral disorders in male NMRI mice with sporadic Alzheimer-like disease. Physiology & Behavior. 2020;223:113003.
  21. Safari MA, Koushkie Jahromi M, Rezaei R, Aligholi H, Brand S. The effect of swimming on anxiety-like behaviors and corticosterone in stressed and unstressed rats. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(18):6675.
  22. Nonato L, Rocha-Vieira E, Tossige-Gomes R, Soares A, Soares B, Freitas D, et al. Swimming training attenuates oxidative damage and increases enzymatic but not non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in the rat brain. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2016;49.
  23. Kalvandi F, Azarbayjani MA, Azizbeigi R, Azizbeigi K. Elastic resistance training is more effective than vitamin D3 supplementation in reducing oxidative stress and strengthen antioxidant enzymes in healthy men. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2021:1-6.
  24. Zalaqi Z, Ghazalian F, Khodayar MJ, Vanani AR, Khorsandi L, Shushizadeh MR. Swimming training combined with chitosan supplementation reduces the development of obesity and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-fed mice. British Journal of Nutrition. 2021:1-10.
  25. Babri S, Doosti M-H, Salari A-A. Strain-dependent effects of prenatal maternal immune activation on anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in offspring. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2014;37:164-76.
  26. Majidi J, Kosari-Nasab M, Salari A-A. Developmental minocycline treatment reverses the effects of neonatal immune activation on anxiety-and depression-like behaviors, hippocampal inflammation, and HPA axis activity in adult mice. Brain research bulletin. 2016;120:1-13.
  27. Han Y, Zhang L, Wang Q, Zhang D, Zhao Q, Zhang J, et al. Minocycline inhibits microglial activation and alleviates depressive-like behaviors in male adolescent mice subjected to maternal separation. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019;107:37-45.
  28. Salari A-A, Bakhtiari A, Homberg JR. Activation of GABA-A receptors during postnatal brain development increases anxiety-and depression-related behaviors in a time-and dose-dependent manner in adult mice. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015;25(8):1260-74.
  29. Rosenblat JD, McIntyre RS. Efficacy and tolerability of minocycline for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Journal of affective disorders. 2018;227:219-25.
  30. Jafarzadeh Baghan A, peeri M, Azarbayjani mA. The Effect of 4 Weeks of Voluntary Training on Depression-Like Behavior Induced by Childhood Stress and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Journal of Sport Biosciences. 2019;11(1):63-81.
  31. Esfandiyari Gharibvand E, Doulah A. Anti-Anxiety Effects of Four Weeks of Lemon Essential Oil Consumption with Swimming Practice in Adult Male Mice. Journal of Animal Biology. 2020;13(1):1-11.
  32. Rao U, Chen L-A, Bidesi AS, Shad MU, Thomas MA, Hammen CL. Hippocampal changes associated with early-life adversity and vulnerability to depression. Biological psychiatry. 2010;67(4):357-64.
  33. Aksu I, Topcu A, Camsari UM, Acikgoz O. Effect of acute and chronic exercise on oxidant–antioxidant equilibrium in rat hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and striatum. Neuroscience letters. 2009;452(3):281-5.
  34. Sadeghi M, Peeri M, Hosseini M-J. Adolescent voluntary exercise attenuated hippocampal innate immunity responses and depressive-like behaviors following maternal separation stress in male rats. Physiology & behavior. 2016;163:177-83.
  35. Ernst M, Romeo RD, Andersen SL. Neurobiology of the development of motivated behaviors in adolescence: a window into a neural systems model. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 2009;93(3):199-211.
  36. Haj-Mirzaian A, Amiri S, Kordjazy N, Momeny M, Razmi A, Rahimi-Balaei M, et al. Lithium attenuated the depressant and anxiogenic effect of juvenile social stress through mitigating the negative impact of interlukin-1β and nitric oxide on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function. Neuroscience. 2016;315:271-85.
  37. Picard M, Juster R-P, McEwen BS. Mitochondrial allostatic load puts the'gluc'back in glucocorticoids. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2014;10(5):303-10.
  38. Ikonomidou C, Kaindl AM. Neuronal death and oxidative stress in the developing brain. Antioxidants & redox signaling. 2011;14(8):1535-50.
  39. Shahsavan S, Rastegar Lari A, Bakhshi B, Owlia P, Nobakht M. Tetracycline and Azithromycin Resistance Investigation on Shigella spp. Isolated from the Stool of Children with Diarrhea in Tehran, Iran. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. 2016;16(3):282-91.
  40. Farokhzadian AA, Rezaei F, Sadeghi M. Mediating role of emotional schemas in the relationship between childhood traumas and generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology and Personality. 2020;17(2):89-101.
  41. Shohag MH, Ullah MA, Azad MA, Islam MS, Qusar S, Shahid SF, et al. Serum Antioxidant Vitamins and Malondialdehyde Levels in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. German Journal of Psychiatry. 2012;15(1).
  42. Pryor WA, Stanley J. Suggested mechanism for the production of malonaldehyde during the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nonenzymic production of prostaglandin endoperoxides during autoxidation. The Journal of organic chemistry. 1975;40(24):3615-7.
  43. Valado A, Tavares PC, Pereira L, Ribeiro CF, editors. Anaerobic exercise and oxidative stress-Effect of the intense exercise on nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. Proceedings of the 2007 WSEAS Int Conference on Cellular & Molecular Biology-Biophysics & Bioengineering; 2007: WSEAS.
  44. Gupt AM, Kumar M, Sharma RK, Misra R, Gup A. Effect of moderate aerobic exercise training on pulmonary functions and Its correlation with the antioxidant status. National J Med Res. 2015;5(2):136-9.
  45. Matinfar P, Peeri M, Azarbayjani MA. Swimming exercise attenuates anxiety-like behavior by reducing brain oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic mice. Physiology & Behavior. 2021;237:113449.
  46. Songstad NT, Kaspersen K-HF, Hafstad AD, Basnet P, Ytrehus K, Acharya G. Effects of high intensity interval training on pregnant rats, and the placenta, heart and liver of their fetuses. PloS one. 2015;10(11):e0143095.
  47. Fusco D, Colloca G, Monaco MRL, Cesari M. Effects of antioxidant supplementation on the aging process. Clinical interventions in aging. 2007;2(3):377.
  48. Sharma RK, Oliveira AC, Kim S, Rigatto K, Zubcevic J, Rathinasabapathy A, et al. Involvement of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):1156-63.

49.       Maciel AL, Abelaira HM, de Moura AB, de Souza TG, Rosa T, Matos D, et al. Acute treatment with ketamine and chronic treatment with minocycline exert antidepressant-like effects and antioxidant properties in rats subjected different stressful events. Brain research bulletin. 2018;137:204-16.