نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزشی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور همدان

2 استادیار فیزیولوژی ورزشی،دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

3 دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی قلب و عروق و تنفس، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد مریوان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مریوان، ایران.

4 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزشی قلب و عروق و تنفس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد سنندج، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، سنندج، ایران.

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر شش هفته تمرینات تناوبی مبتنی بر نقطۀ شکست ضربان قلب (HRDP) براساس مدل D-Max بر لاکتات خون، عملکرد و مدت زمان رسیدن به خستگی بازیکنان جوان فوتبال بود. 20 بازیکن فوتبال برای شرکت در این پژوهش داوطلب شدند و به شکل تصادفی به دو گروه تمرین (10 نفر) و کنترل (10 نفر) تقسیم شدند. گروه کنترل تمرینات باشگاهی خود را سه جلسه در هفته به مدت شش هفته و گروه تمرینی علاوه‌بر تمرینات باشگاهی، تمرینات تناوبی با شدت معادل HRDP براساس روش-D-Max را اجرا ­کردند. برای تعیین تفاوت­های درون و میان‌گروهی به‌ترتیب از آزمون­های t همبسته و t مستقل استفاده شد. زمان رسیدن به خستگی (00/0P=) و لاکتات تولیدی (02/0 P=) فقط در گروه تمرینی به­طور معنا­داری افزایش داشت، اما بهبود عملکرد در هر دو گروه تمرین (02/0P=) و کنترل (04/0P=) مشاهده شد. همچنین گروه تمرینی به­طور معناداری تأثیرات بهتری را بر سطح لاکتات (01/0P=)، زمان رسیدن به خستگی (03/0P=) و عملکرد (00/0P=) بازیکنان فوتبال داشت. به­طور کلی به مربیان و بازیکنان ­فوتبال پیشنهاد می‌شود تا در کنار تمرینات باشگاهی خود، تمرینات تناوبی را با شدت معادل HRDP برگرفته از روش-D-Max برای رسیدن به اهداف تمرینی، به‌کار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of 6 Weeks of Interval Training Based on Heart Rate Deflection Point (HRDP) Extracted from D-Max Method on Blood Lactate Changes, Time to Fatigue and Performance of Young Soccer Players

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asghar Jalali 1
  • Mehdi Abbaspoor 2
  • Mehdi Hakimi 3
  • Maryam Ali-Mohammadi 4

1 MSc in Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Payame Noor, Hamedan, Iran

2 Assistance Professor in Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.

3 Ph.D in Exercise Physiology of Cardiovascular and Respiration, Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, Marivan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marivan, Iran.

4 PhD student in Exercise Physiology of Cardiovascular and Respiration, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was the effect of 6 weeks of interval training based on heart rate deflection point (HRDP) extracted from D-Max method on blood lactate, performance and time to fatigue of young soccer players. 20 soccer players volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly divided into two groups: training (n=10) and control (n=10). Control group performed their club training 3 sessions a week for 6 weeks and training group conducted the interval training with equivalent intensity of HRDP based on D-Max method in addition to their club training. The dependent and independent t tests were used to determine intragroup and intergroup differences. The results showed that time to fatigue (P=0.00) and produced lactate (P=0.02) significantly increased only in the training group, but performance was improved in both training (P=0.02) and control (P=0.04) groups. Also, the training group showed significantly better effects on lactate (P=0.01), time to fatigue (P=0.03) and performance (P=0.00) in soccer players. Generally, coaches and soccer players are recommended to use interval training with equivalent intensity of HRDP extracted from D-Max method combined with their club training in order to achieve their training goals.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • fatigue
  • heart rate
  • interval training
  • lactate threshold

 

1. Rajabi, H., Keyhanian, A. (2014). “Comparison of resistance trainings with active and passive rest on changes level of lactate blood activity of soccer players”. Sport Physiol; 6 (23): 15-28. (In Persian).
2. McMillan, K., Helgerud, J., Macdonald, R., Hoff, J. (2005). “Physiological adaptations to soccer specific endurance training in professional youth soccer players”. Br J Sports Med; 39: 273-277.
3. Siahkuhian, M., Zou-Alfaghari, MR. (2006). “Determination of anaerobic threshold by D-Max method”. Sport Physiol; 10: 15-27. (In Persian).
4. Stolen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., Wisloff, U. (2005). “Physiology of soccer”. Sports Med; 35 (6): 501-536.
5. Alghannam, AF. (2012). “Metabolic limitations of performance and fatigue in football”. Asian J Sports Med; 3 (2): 65-73.
6. Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., Bangsbo, J. (2005). “Fatigue in soccer: a brief review”. J Sports Sci; 23(6): 593-599.
7. Stokes, KA., Nevill, ME., Cherry, PW., Lakomy, HKA., Hall, GM. (2004). “Effect of 6 weeks of sprint training on growth hormone responses to sprinting”. Eur J Appl Physiol; (92) 26-32.
8. Farzad, B., Gharakhanlou, R., Agha-Alinejad, H., Curby, D., Bayati, M., Bahraminejad, M., et al. (2011). “Physiological and performance changes from the addition of a sprint interval program to wrestling training”. J Strength Cond Res; 25(9): 2392-2399.
9. Henderson, GC., Horning, MA., Lehman, SL., Wolfel, EE., Bergman, BC., Brooks, GA. (2004). “Pyruvate shuttling during rest and exercise before and after endurance training in men”. J Appl Physiol; 97: 317-325.
 
10. Hoff, J., Wisloff, U., Engen, LC., Kemi, OJ., Helgerud, J. (2002). “Soccer specific aerobic endurance training”. Br J Sports Med; 36: 218-221.
11. Rodas, G., Ventura, JL., Cadefau, JA., Cusso, R., Parra, J. (2000). “A short training programme for the rapid improvement of both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism”. Eur J Appl Physiol; 82: 480-486.
12. Siahkuhian, M., Khodadadi, D. (2013).“The effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on aerobic and anaerobic indices in athlete boys”. Sport Physiol; 5(18): 39-52. (In Persian).
13. Kara, M., Gokbel, H., Bediz, C. (1996). “Determination of the heart rate deflection point by the Dmax method”. J Sports Med Phys fitness; 36: 31-34.
14. Bently, DJ., Newell, J., Bishop, D. (2007). “Incremental exercise test design and analysis implications for performance diagnostics in endurance athletes”. Sports Med; 37(7): 575-586
15. Bangsbo, J., Norregaard, L., Thorso, F. (1991). “Activity profile of competition soccer”. Can J Sport Sci; 16(2): 110-116.
16. Roy, GS., Paul, A., Bandopadhyyay, D. (2014). “Effect of extensive interval training on lactate threshold level”. Am J Sports Sci Med; 2(5): 6-9.
17. Rakobowchuk, M. (2008). “Sprint interval and traditional endurance training induce similar improvements in peripheral arterial stiffness and flow-mediated dilation in healthy humans”. Am J Physiol Regul, Integr Comp Physiol; 295 (1): 236-242.
18. Laursen, PB., Shing, CM., Peake, JM., Coombes, JS., Jenkins, DG. (2002). “Interval training program optimization in highly trained endurance cyclists”. Med Sci Sports Exer; 34 (11): 1801- 1807.
19. Dawson, B., Fitzsimons, M., Green, S., Goodman, C., Carey, M., Cole, K. (1998). “Changes in performance, muscle metabolites, enzymes and fibre types after short sprint training”. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol; 78 (2): 163- 169.
20. Bayati, M., Gharakhanlou, R., Agha-Alinejad, H., Farzad, B. (2010). “The effect of 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training on selected physiological and metabolic indices in active men”. J Appl Sport Physiol Univ Mazandaran; 6(11): 107-124. (In Persian).
21. Motemadi, P., Rajabi, H., Eberahimi, E. (2011). “The effect of continuous and intermittent exercise, aerobic endurance and strength to move efficiently trained male runners”. Sport Physiol; 8(15); 46-59. (In Persian).
22. Laursen, PB., Jenkins, DG. (2002). “The scientific basis for high - intensity interval training: optimising training programmes and maximizing performance in highly trained endurance athletes”. Sports Med; 32 (1): 53- 73.
23. Creer, AR., Ricard, MD., Conlee, RK., Hoyt, GL., Parcell, AC. (2004). “Neural, metabolic, and performance adaptations to four weeks of high intensity sprint - interval training in trained cyclists”. Int J Sports Med; 25 (2): 92- 98.
24. Weston, AR., Myburgh, KH., Lindsay, FH., Dennis, SC., Noakes, TD., Hawley, JA. (1997). “Skeletal muscle buffering capacity and endurance performance after highintensity training by well- trained cyclists”. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol; 75 (1): 7- 13.
25. Macpherson, R., Hazell, TJ., Olver, TD., Paterson, DH., Lemon, PW. (2011). “Run sprint interval training improves aerobic performance but not max cardiac output”. Med Sci Sports Exer; 43: 115-122
26. Nikbakht, H., Keshavarz, S., Ebrahim, K. (2011). “The effects of tapering on repeated sprint ability (Rsa) and maximal aerobic power in male soccer players”. Am J Sci Res; 30: 125-133.
27. Meckel, Y., Eliakim, A., Seraev, M., Zaldivar, F, Cooper, DM., Sagiv, M. (2009). “The effect of a brief sprint interval exercise on growth factors and inflammatory mediators”. J Strength Cond Res; 23 (1): 225- 230.
28. Lin, H., Wang, SW., Wang, RY., Wang, PS. (2001). “Stimulatory effect of lactate on testosterone production by rat Leydig cells”. J Cell Biochem; 83 (1): 147- 154.
29. Kraemer, WJ., Rogol, AD. (2005). “The endocrine system in sports and exercise”. Blackwell; 525-543.