نشریه علوم زیستی ورزشی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اعضای هیات تحریریه

سیاست شورای سردبیری و مجله

سیاست دسترسی آزاد

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اخبار و اعلانات

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

لینک صفحات مجله در شبکه های اجتماعی

راهنمای نویسندگان

فرم ها

داوران

راهنمای عضویت و ثبت داوری در Publons

تغییرات سطوح پایۀ تستوسترون و کورتیزول و نسبت آنها بعد از چهار هفته تمرین سنگ‌نوردی با محدودیت جریان خون در سنگ‌نوردان مرد نخبۀ ورزشی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license I Open Access I

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تمرین مقاومتی با محدودیت جریان خون (BFR) به‌منزلۀ راهبرد تمرینی پیشگیری‌کننده از آسیب‌های مفصلی و بافتی به افزایش هورمون‌های آنابولیک و افزایش هایپرتروفی و قدرت عضلانی منجر می‌شود. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر ۱۲جلسه تمرین سنگ‌نوردی با BFR بر تستوسترون، کورتیزول و نسبت آنها در خون سنگ‌نوردان نخبۀ ورزشی است. در این تحقیق نیمه‌تجربی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون۲۰ مرد از سنگ‌نوردان (وزن ۶۹/۴ ± ۵۵/۶۴ کیلوگرم، چربی ۵۰/۸± ۳۰/۱۵ درصد و سن ۶/۲ ±۲۶سال) به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب و به‌طور تصادفی به دو گروه تمرین (هر کدام ۱۰مرد) با BFR و بدون BFR تقسیم شدند. پروتکل تمرین ۴ هفته و هر هفته ۳ جلسه تمرین سنگ‌نوردی بود. فشار بر عروق حدود ۴۰ تا ۱۰۰میلی‌متر جیوه بود. خون‌گیری به‌طور ناشتا ۲۴ساعت قبل و بعد از دورۀ تمرین به‌منظور تعیین میزان هورمون تستوسترون، کورتیزول انجام گرفت. همچنین عملکرد سرعت صعود و قدرت پنجۀ دست برتر سنجیده شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون تی همبسته و مستقل با سطح معناداری ۰۵/۰P< ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که در گروه BFR مقادیر تستوسترون (۰۲/۰=P)، نسبت تستوسترون به کورتیزول (۰۳/۰=P)، قدرت پنجۀ دست (۰۰۶/۰=P) و سرعت صعود (۰۳/۰=P) بعد از تمرین سنگ‌نوردی نسبت به قبل از آن افزایش معنا‌داری داشت. همچنین میزان کورتیزول خون بعد از دورۀ تمرینی در هر دو گروه نسبت به قبل از آن تغییر معنا‌داری نداشت (۵۴/۰=P، ۸۵/۰=P). به‌نظر می‌رسد تمرین سنگ‌نوردی با BFR به افزایش هورمون‌های آنابولیکی منجر می‌شود و از آن می‌توان به‌منظور بهبود عملکرد ورزشی سنگ‌نوردان استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes in Basal Levels of Testosterone, Cortisol and Their Ratio after 4 Weeks of Rock Climbing Training with Blood Flow Restriction in Elite Male Rock Climbers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Karim Ebadifar 1
  • Hasan Matinhomaee 2
  • Abdolali Banaeifar 3

1 PhD Student, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 . Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) as a training strategy preventing joint and tissue injuries, increases anabolic hormones, hypertrophy and muscle strength. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 sessions of rock climbing with BFR on testosterone, cortisol and their ratio in elite rock climbers. In this quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design, 20 male rock climbers (weight: 64.55±4.69 kg, fat percentage: 15.30±8.50 and age: 26±2.6 years) were selected purposively and were randomly divided into two training groups (10 men each) with BFR and without BFR. The training protocol was 4 weeks and 3 sessions of rock climbing per week. Blood pressure was about 40 to 100 mm Hg. Fasting blood samples were collected 24 hours before and after training to determine testosterone and cortisol levels. Also, the strength of the dominant hand grip and climbing speed were measured. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t tests at P<0.05. Results showed that the testosterone (P=0.02), the ratio of testosterone to cortisol (P=0.03), hand grip strength (P=0.006) and climbing speed (P=0.03) increased significantly after rock climbing training compared with the period before the training. Also, cortisol did not change significantly in both groups after the training compared with the period before the training (P=0.54, P=0.85). It seems that rock climbing training with BFR increases anabolic hormones and it can be used to improve the performance of rock climbers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Blood flow restriction
  • cortisol
  • rock climbing
  • testosterone
مراجع
1.   Lutter C, El-Sheikh Y, Schöffl I, Schöffl V. Sport climbing: medical considerations for this new Olympic discipline. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2017;51(1):2-3.
2.   Draper N, Dickson T, Blackwell G, Priestley S, Fryer S, Marshall H, et al. Sport-specific power assessment for rock climbing. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2011;51(3):417-25.
3.   Deyhle MR, Hsu HS, Fairfield TJ, Cadez-Schmidt TL, Gurney BA, Mermier CM. Relative Importance of Four Muscle Groups for Indoor Rock Climbing Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(7):2006-14.
4.   Ozimek M, Rokowski R, Draga P, Ljakh V, Ambrozy T, Krawczyk M, et al. The role of physique, strength and endurance in the achievements of elite climbers. PLoS One. 2017;12(8):e0182026.
5.   Michailov M, Mladenov L, Schöffl V. Anthropometric and strength characteristics of world-class boulderers. Medicina Sportiva. 2009;13(4):231-8.
6.   Rokowski R, Tokarz R. Importance of motoric capabilities of energy ground in sport climbing in competition of on-sight. Antropomotoryka. 2007;17(40):81-91.
7.   J. Balas OP, A. J. Martin and D. Cochrane. Hand–Arm Strength and Endurance as Predictors of Climbing Performance. European Journal of Sport Science. 2012;12(1):16-25.
8.   Hasani-Ranjbar S, Far ES, Heshmat R, Rajabi H, Kosari H. Time course responses of serum GH, insulin, IGF-1, IGFBP1, and IGFBP3 concentrations after heavy resistance exercise in trained and untrained men. Endocrine. 2012;41(1):144-51.
9.   Miyachi M, Kawano H, Sugawara J, Takahashi K, Hayashi K, Yamazaki K, et al. Unfavorable effects of resistance training on central arterial compliance: a randomized intervention study. Circulation. 2004;110(18):2858-63.
10. Takarada Y, Sato Y, Ishii N. Effects of resistance exercise combined with vascular occlusion on muscle function in athletes. European journal of applied physiology. 2002;86(4):308-14.
11. Manini TM, Clark BC. Blood flow restricted exercise and skeletal muscle health. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 2009;37(2):78-85.
12. Buckner SL, Dankel SJ, Counts BR, Jessee MB, Mouser JG, Mattocks KT, et al. Influence of cuff material on blood flow restriction stimulus in the upper body. The Journal of Physiological Sciences. 2017;67(1):207-15.
13. Scott BR, Loenneke JP, Slattery KM, Dascombe BJ. Blood flow restricted exercise for athletes: A review of available evidence. Journal of science and medicine in sport. 2016;19(5):360-7
14. Taylor CW, Ingham SA, Ferguson RA. Acute and chronic effect of sprint interval training combined with postexercise blood‐flow restriction in trained individuals. Experimental physiology. 2016;101(1):143-54.
15. Shimizu R, Hotta K, Yamamoto S, Matsumoto T, Kamiya K, Kato M, et al. Low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction improves vascular endothelial function and peripheral blood circulation in healthy elderly people. European journal of applied physiology. 2016;116(4):749-57.
16. Kim E, Gregg LD, Kim L, Sherk VD, Bemben MG, Bemben DA. Hormone responses to an acute bout of low intensity blood flow restricted resistance exercise in college-aged females. Journal of sports science & medicine. 2014;13(1):91.
17. H. dashti mgams. Acute Testosterone and Cortisol Hormonal Responses to Volume and Strength Resistance Traiining in Untrained Young Males (in persian). j Motor Sports and Life Sciences. 2015;6(12):55-64.
18. O'leary C, Hackney A. Acute and chronic effects of resistance exercise on the testosterone and cortisol responses in obese males: a systematic review. Physiological research. 2014;63(6).
19. Vingren JL, Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Anderson JM, Volek JS, Maresh CM. Testosterone physiology in resistance exercise and training. Sports medicine. 2010;40(12):1037-53.
20. Levine A, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R, Lewis JG, Weller A. Measuring cortisol in human psychobiological studies. Physiology & behavior. 2007;90(1):43-53.
21. Handziski Z, Maleska V, Petrovska S, Nikolik S, Mickoska E, Dalip M, et al. The changes of ACTH, cortisol, testosterone and testosterone/cortisol ratio in professional soccer players during a competition half-season. Bratislavské lekárske listy. 2006;107(6/7):259.
22. Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA. Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training. Sports medicine. 2005;35(4):339-61.
23. Amani-Shalamzari S, Sarikhani A, Paton C, Rajabi H, Bayati M, Nikolaidis PT, et al. Occlusion Training During Specific Futsal Training Improves Aspects of Physiological and Physical Performance. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2020;19(2):374.
24. Luebbers PE, Fry AC, Kriley LM, Butler MS. The effects of a 7-week practical blood flow restriction program on well-trained collegiate athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2014;28(8):2270-80.
25. Amani-Shalamzari S, Farhani F, Rajabi H, Abbasi A, Sarikhani A, Paton C, et al. Blood flow restriction during futsal training increases muscle activation and strength. Frontiers in Physiology. 2019;10:614.
26. Conceicao MS, Junior EM, Telles GD, Libardi CA, Castro A, Andrade AL, et al. Augmented anabolic responses after 8-wk cycling with blood flow restriction. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2019;51(1):84-93.
27. Fattah A, Salem H. Effect of Occlusion Swimming Training on Physiological Biomarkers and Swimming Performance. World Journal of Sport Sciences. 2011;75.
28. Papini C, Sousa N, Bertucci D, Bertolini N, Acedo L, Gobbi S. Protocols with blood flow restriction during resistance training: a systematic review. Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde. 2014;19(6):667-667.
29. Pope ZK, Willardson JM, Schoenfeld BJ. Exercise and blood flow restriction. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2013;27(10):2914-26.
30. Jessee MB, Buckner SL, Dankel SJ, Counts BR, Abe T, Loenneke JP. The influence of cuff width, sex, and race on arterial occlusion: implications for blood flow restriction research. Sports Medicine. 2016;46(6):913-21.
31. Hunt JE, Stodart C, Ferguson RA. The influence of participant characteristics on the relationship between cuff pressure and level of blood flow restriction. European journal of applied physiology. 2016;116(7):1421-32.
32. L. Pizzigalli MMC, L. A. T. A, A. Rainoldi and R. Benis. Hand Grip Strength and Anthropometric Characteristics in Italian Female National Basketball Teams. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2017;57:521-8.
33. Madarame H, Sasaki K, Ishii N. Endocrine responses to upper-and lower-limb resistance exercises with blood flow restriction. Acta Physiologica Hungarica. 2010;97(2):192-200.
34. Deuster PA, Petrides JS, Singh A, Lucci EB, Chrousos GP, Gold PW. High intensity exercise promotes escape of adrenocorticotropin and cortisol from suppression by dexamethasone: sexually dimorphic responses. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1998;83(9):3332-8.
35. S. A. R. Hosseini Kakhk PZ, A. H. Haghighi and M. Khademosharie. omparison of Hormonal Responses to Strength Training with and without Blood Flow Restriction. Journal of Sport Biosciences. 2015;7:391-405.
36. Kurina LM, Weiss LA, Graves SW, Parry R, Williams GH, Abney M, et al. Sex differences in the genetic basis of morning serum cortisol levels: genome-wide screen identifies two novel loci specific to women. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2005;90(8):4747-52.
37. Raastad T, Bjøro T, Hallen J. Hormonal responses to high-and moderate-intensity strength exercise. European journal of applied physiology. 2000;82(1-2):121-8.
38. Amiri R, Esfarjani F, Marandi S.M. Comparison of Metabolic Some Hormones Response to Resistance Training with Different Intensity with and without Blood Flow Restriction in Active Girls. Sport Physiology. 2018;10(37):185-202.
39. Reeves GV, Kraemer RR, Hollander DB, Clavier J, Thomas C, Francois M, et al. Comparison of hormone responses following light resistance exercise with partial vascular occlusion and moderately difficult resistance exercise without occlusion. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006;101(6):1616-22.
40. S. A. R. Hosseini Kakhk AI, A. H. Haghighi and Z. Sharifan. The effect of single bout of resistance exercise with and without vascular occlusion on lactate deydrogenase, creatine kinase in young girls. Sport Physiology. 2016;8(30):51-64.
41. Izquierdom M, Hakkinen K, Anton A, Garrues M, Ibanez J, Ruesta M, et al. Maximal strength and power, endurance performance, and serum hormones in middle-aged and elderly men. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2001;33(9):1577-87.
42. Rahimi HRaME. Effects of Very Short Rest Periods on Testosterone to Cortisol Ratio During Heavy Resistance Exercise in Men. Apunts Medicina de l'Esport (English Edition). 2011;46(171):145-9.
43. Bjørnsen T, Wernbom M, Kirketeig A, Paulsen G, Samnøy LE, Bækken LV, et al. Type 1 Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy after Blood Flow–restricted Training in Powerlifter. 2018.
44. Araújo JP, Neto GR, Loenneke JP, Bemben MG, Laurentino GC, Batista G, et al. The effects of water-based exercise in combination with blood flow restriction on strength and functional capacity in post-menopausal women. Age. 2015;37(6):110.
45. Marcotte GR, West DW, Baar K. The molecular basis for load-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Calcified tissue international. 2015;96(3):196-210.
 
نشریه علوم زیستی ورزشی
دوره 13، شماره 1
خرداد 1400
صفحه 59-73
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 03 آذر 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 02 اسفند 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 بهمن 1399
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار