Changes in Asprosin Protein Expression in the Liver, Pancreas, Heart, and Soleus Muscle Tissues of Male Diabetic Rats, After Eight Weeks of Endurance Training and Nettle Supplementation

Haghshenas, Rouhollah

doi:10.22059/jsb.2023.365522.1608

Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license

Author

Rouhollah Haghshenas

Corresponding Author, Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22059/jsb.2023.365522.1608

Abstract

Introduction: The current study aimed to investigate the changes in asprosin protein expression in the liver, pancreas, heart, and soleus muscle of male diabetic rats after eight weeks of aerobic exercise and nettle supplementation.
Methods: 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=8 rats per group) including Control (C), Exercise (E), Diabetes (D) and Exercise + Diabetes (ED), Nettle + Diabetes (UD), Exercise + Nettle + Diabetes (EUD) groups. After the induction of diabetes in rats by streptozotocin injection, a continuous aerobic exercise protocol with moderate to vigorous intensity was implemented for eight weeks and five days a week. Nettle extract was administered via intragastric gavage at a dose of 150 mg per kg of body weight for eight weeks and five days a week. Blood samples were drawn 48 hours after the final training session. The asprosin protein expression was measured using the ELISA method and data was analyzed using Analysis of Covariance.
Results: The results showed that in all tissues, the asprosin was significantly increased in the diabetic group compared with the control group (P<0.05). In comparison to the diabetes group, the EUD group showed the greatest decrease in asprosin of all tissue compared with the ED and the UD groups (P<0.05), in such a way that in pancreatic tissue, it reached the level of the healthy control group, but changes in heart tissue were not significant. In comparison to the diabetes group, the reduction of asprosin in all tissues of the UD group was more than in the ED group, but the difference between these two groups was not significant.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, the expression of asprosin protein in the tissues of the liver, pancreas, heart, and soleus muscle is increased due to diabetes, and using a combination of aerobic exercises and nettle extract can reduce it. The synergistic effect of the combination of aerobic exercise and nettle was much better than either alone.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Exercise Physiology

References

[1] Yuan M, Li W, Zhu Y, Yu B, Wu J. Asprosin: A Novel Player in Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:64. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00064.

[2] Romere C, Duerrschmid C, Bournat J, Constable P, Jain M, Xia F, Saha PK, et al. Asprosin, a Fasting-Induced Glucogenic Protein Hormone. Cell. 2016;165(3):566-79. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.063.

[3] Wiecek M, Szymura J, Sproull J, Szygula Z. Decreased Blood Asprosin in Hyperglycemic Menopausal Women as a Result of Whole-Body Cryotherapy Regardless of Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med. 2019;8(9):1428. doi: 10.3390/jcm8091428.

[4] Zhong M, Tian X, Sun Q, Li L, Lu Y, Feng Z, Gao Y, Li S. Correlation of asprosin and Nrg-4 with type 2 diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Coronary Heart Disease and the Diagnostic Value. BMC Endocr Disord. 2023;23(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s12902-023-01311-8.

[5] Farrag M, Ait Eldjoudi D, González-Rodríguez M, Cordero-Barreal A, Ruiz-Fernández C, Capuozzo M, et al. Asprosin in health and disease, a new glucose sensor with central and peripheral metabolic effects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;13:1101091. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1101091.

[6] Miao Y, Qin H, Zhong Y, Huang K, Rao C. Novel adipokine asprosin modulates browning and adipogenesis in white adipose tissue. J Endocrinol. 2021;249(2):83-93. doi: 10.1530/JOE-20-0503.

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[9] Zhang L, Chen C, Zhou N, Fu Y, Cheng X. Circulating asprosin concentrations are increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus and independently associated with fasting glucose and triglyceride. Clin Chim Acta. 2019;489:183-188. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2017.10.034.

[10] Boz İB, Aytürk Salt S, Salt Ö, Sayın NC, Dibirdik İ. Association Between Plasma Asprosin Levels and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2023;16:2515-2521. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S424651.

[11] Lee T, Yun S, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Asprosin impairs insulin secretion in response to glucose and viability through TLR4/JNK-mediated inflammation. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2019;486:96-104. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2019.03.001.

[12] Jung TW, Kim HC, Kim HU, Park T, Park J, Kim U, et al. Asprosin attenuates insulin signaling pathway through PKCδ-activated ER stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(11):20888-20899. doi:10.1002/jcp.28694.

[13] Hoffmann JG, Xie W, Chopra AR. Energy Regulation Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential of Asprosin. Diabetes. 2020;69(4):559-566. doi:10.2337/dbi19-0009.

[14] Sampath Kumar A, Maiya AG, Shastry BA, Vaishali K, Ravishankar N, Hazari A, et al. Exercise and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2019;62(2):98-103. doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2018.11.001.

[15] Lateef Mohammed, A. and R. Haghshenas, The effect of endurance training on gene and protein expression of TGFβ and integrin in the liver of male rat diabetic. Sport Physiology, 2022. 14(55): p. 131-150.[in persion].

[16] Sobhani, F., R. Haghshenas, and M. Rahimi, Effect of eight weeks aerobic training and supplementation of green tea on apelin plasma levels and insulin resistance in elderly women with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2019. 28(170): p. 84-93. [in persion].

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[18] Maghami, M., Keshavarz, S., Haghshenas, R., & Eftekhari, E. The Effect of Endurance Training and Nettle Consumption on Protein and Gene Expression of AKT and GLUT4 in Soleus Muscle of Diabetic Male Rats. ijdld 2021; 21 (4) :240-249 [in persion].

[19] Furman BL. Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Models in Mice and Rats. Curr Protoc Pharmacol. 2015;70:5.47.1-5.47.20. doi:10.1002/0471141755.ph0547s70.

[20] Daher CF, Baroody KG, Baroody GM. Effect of Urtica dioica extract intake upon blood lipid profile in the rats. Fitoterapia. 2006;77(3):183-188. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2006.01.010.

[21] Naiemian S, Naeemipour M, Zarei M, Lari Najafi M, Gohari A, Behroozikhah MR, et al. Serum concentration of asprosin in new-onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020;12:65. doi:10.1186/s13098-020-00564-w.

[22] Otles S, Yalcin B. Phenolic compounds analysis of root, stalk, and leaves of nettle. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:564367. doi:10.1100/2012/564367.

[23] Joshi, B.C., M. Mukhija, and A.N. Kalia, Pharmacognostical review of Urtica dioica L. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP), 2014. 8(4).

[24] Raimova, K. V., Abdulladjanova, N. G., Tashpulatov, F. N., Juraev, S. S., Matchanov, A. D., Rakhimov, R. N, et al., Comprehensive study of the chemical composition of Urtica dioica L. Journal of Critical Reviews, 2020. 7(5): p. 750-755.

[25] Samakar B, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H. A review of the effects of Urtica dioica (nettle) in metabolic syndrome. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022;25(5):543-553. doi:10.22038/IJBMS.2022.58892.13079.

[26] Mehri, A., Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Larijani, B., & Abdollahi, M. A systematic review of efficacy and safety of Urtica dioica in the treatment of diabetes. IJP, 2011. 7(2): p. 161-170. doi: 10.3923/ijp.2011.161.170.

[27] Ahmadi, S., Awliaei, H., Haidarizadeh, M., & Rostamzadeh, J. The effect of ethanolic extract of urtica dioica leaves on high levels of blood glucose and gene expression of glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) in liver of alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Gene, cell and tissue, 2015. 2(3). doi: 10.17795/gct-30355.

[28] Farzami B, Ahmadvand D, Vardasbi S, Majin FJ, Khaghani Sh. Induction of insulin secretion by a component of Urtica dioica leave extract in perifused Islets of Langerhans and its in vivo effects in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;89(1):47-53. doi:10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00220-4.

[29] Calegari VC, Zoppi CC, Rezende LF, Silveira LR, Carneiro EM, Boschero AC. Endurance training activates AMP-activated protein kinase, increases expression of uncoupling protein 2 and reduces insulin secretion from rat pancreatic islets. J Endocrinol. 2011;208(3):257-264. doi:10.1530/JOE-10-0450.

[30] Yang D, Yang Y, Li Y, Han R. Physical Exercise as Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Mechanism to Orientation. Ann Nutr Metab. 2019;74(4):313-321. doi:10.1159/000500110.

Journal of Sport Biosciences

Changes in Asprosin Protein Expression in the Liver, Pancreas, Heart, and Soleus Muscle Tissues of Male Diabetic Rats, After Eight Weeks of Endurance Training and Nettle Supplementation

References

References

[1] Yuan M, Li W, Zhu Y, Yu B, Wu J. Asprosin: A Novel Player in Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:64. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00064.

[2] Romere C, Duerrschmid C, Bournat J, Constable P, Jain M, Xia F, Saha PK, et al. Asprosin, a Fasting-Induced Glucogenic Protein Hormone. Cell. 2016;165(3):566-79. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.063.

[3] Wiecek M, Szymura J, Sproull J, Szygula Z. Decreased Blood Asprosin in Hyperglycemic Menopausal Women as a Result of Whole-Body Cryotherapy Regardless of Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med. 2019;8(9):1428. doi: 10.3390/jcm8091428.

[4] Zhong M, Tian X, Sun Q, Li L, Lu Y, Feng Z, Gao Y, Li S. Correlation of asprosin and Nrg-4 with type 2 diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Coronary Heart Disease and the Diagnostic Value. BMC Endocr Disord. 2023;23(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s12902-023-01311-8.

[5] Farrag M, Ait Eldjoudi D, González-Rodríguez M, Cordero-Barreal A, Ruiz-Fernández C, Capuozzo M, et al. Asprosin in health and disease, a new glucose sensor with central and peripheral metabolic effects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;13:1101091. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1101091.

[6] Miao Y, Qin H, Zhong Y, Huang K, Rao C. Novel adipokine asprosin modulates browning and adipogenesis in white adipose tissue. J Endocrinol. 2021;249(2):83-93. doi: 10.1530/JOE-20-0503.

[8] Ko JR, Seo DY, Kim TN, Park SH, Kwak HB, Ko KS, et al. Aerobic Exercise Training Decreases Hepatic Asprosin in Diabetic Rats. J Clin Med. 2019;8(5):666. doi: 10.3390/jcm8050666.

[9] Zhang L, Chen C, Zhou N, Fu Y, Cheng X. Circulating asprosin concentrations are increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus and independently associated with fasting glucose and triglyceride. Clin Chim Acta. 2019;489:183-188. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2017.10.034.

[10] Boz İB, Aytürk Salt S, Salt Ö, Sayın NC, Dibirdik İ. Association Between Plasma Asprosin Levels and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2023;16:2515-2521. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S424651.

[11] Lee T, Yun S, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Asprosin impairs insulin secretion in response to glucose and viability through TLR4/JNK-mediated inflammation. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2019;486:96-104. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2019.03.001.

[12] Jung TW, Kim HC, Kim HU, Park T, Park J, Kim U, et al. Asprosin attenuates insulin signaling pathway through PKCδ-activated ER stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(11):20888-20899. doi:10.1002/jcp.28694.

[13] Hoffmann JG, Xie W, Chopra AR. Energy Regulation Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential of Asprosin. Diabetes. 2020;69(4):559-566. doi:10.2337/dbi19-0009.

[14] Sampath Kumar A, Maiya AG, Shastry BA, Vaishali K, Ravishankar N, Hazari A, et al. Exercise and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2019;62(2):98-103. doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2018.11.001.

[15] Lateef Mohammed, A. and R. Haghshenas, The effect of endurance training on gene and protein expression of TGFβ and integrin in the liver of male rat diabetic. Sport Physiology, 2022. 14(55): p. 131-150.[in persion].

[16] Sobhani, F., R. Haghshenas, and M. Rahimi, Effect of eight weeks aerobic training and supplementation of green tea on apelin plasma levels and insulin resistance in elderly women with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2019. 28(170): p. 84-93. [in persion].

[18] Maghami, M., Keshavarz, S., Haghshenas, R., & Eftekhari, E. The Effect of Endurance Training and Nettle Consumption on Protein and Gene Expression of AKT and GLUT4 in Soleus Muscle of Diabetic Male Rats. ijdld 2021; 21 (4) :240-249 [in persion].

[19] Furman BL. Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Models in Mice and Rats. Curr Protoc Pharmacol. 2015;70:5.47.1-5.47.20. doi:10.1002/0471141755.ph0547s70.

[20] Daher CF, Baroody KG, Baroody GM. Effect of Urtica dioica extract intake upon blood lipid profile in the rats. Fitoterapia. 2006;77(3):183-188. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2006.01.010.

[21] Naiemian S, Naeemipour M, Zarei M, Lari Najafi M, Gohari A, Behroozikhah MR, et al. Serum concentration of asprosin in new-onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020;12:65. doi:10.1186/s13098-020-00564-w.

[22] Otles S, Yalcin B. Phenolic compounds analysis of root, stalk, and leaves of nettle. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:564367. doi:10.1100/2012/564367.

[23] Joshi, B.C., M. Mukhija, and A.N. Kalia, Pharmacognostical review of Urtica dioica L. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP), 2014. 8(4).

[24] Raimova, K. V., Abdulladjanova, N. G., Tashpulatov, F. N., Juraev, S. S., Matchanov, A. D., Rakhimov, R. N, et al., Comprehensive study of the chemical composition of Urtica dioica L. Journal of Critical Reviews, 2020. 7(5): p. 750-755.

[25] Samakar B, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H. A review of the effects of Urtica dioica (nettle) in metabolic syndrome. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022;25(5):543-553. doi:10.22038/IJBMS.2022.58892.13079.

[26] Mehri, A., Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Larijani, B., & Abdollahi, M. A systematic review of efficacy and safety of Urtica dioica in the treatment of diabetes. IJP, 2011. 7(2): p. 161-170. doi: 10.3923/ijp.2011.161.170.

[29] Calegari VC, Zoppi CC, Rezende LF, Silveira LR, Carneiro EM, Boschero AC. Endurance training activates AMP-activated protein kinase, increases expression of uncoupling protein 2 and reduces insulin secretion from rat pancreatic islets. J Endocrinol. 2011;208(3):257-264. doi:10.1530/JOE-10-0450.

Volume 16, Issue 1 - Serial Number 99
March 2024
Pages 17-29

Changes in Asprosin Protein Expression in the Liver, Pancreas, Heart, and Soleus Muscle Tissues of Male Diabetic Rats, After Eight Weeks of Endurance Training and Nettle Supplementation

References

References

[1] Yuan M, Li W, Zhu Y, Yu B, Wu J. Asprosin: A Novel Player in Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:64. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00064.

[2] Romere C, Duerrschmid C, Bournat J, Constable P, Jain M, Xia F, Saha PK, et al. Asprosin, a Fasting-Induced Glucogenic Protein Hormone. Cell. 2016;165(3):566-79. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.063.

[3] Wiecek M, Szymura J, Sproull J, Szygula Z. Decreased Blood Asprosin in Hyperglycemic Menopausal Women as a Result of Whole-Body Cryotherapy Regardless of Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med. 2019;8(9):1428. doi: 10.3390/jcm8091428.

[4] Zhong M, Tian X, Sun Q, Li L, Lu Y, Feng Z, Gao Y, Li S. Correlation of asprosin and Nrg-4 with type 2 diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Coronary Heart Disease and the Diagnostic Value. BMC Endocr Disord. 2023;23(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s12902-023-01311-8.

[5] Farrag M, Ait Eldjoudi D, González-Rodríguez M, Cordero-Barreal A, Ruiz-Fernández C, Capuozzo M, et al. Asprosin in health and disease, a new glucose sensor with central and peripheral metabolic effects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;13:1101091. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1101091.

[6] Miao Y, Qin H, Zhong Y, Huang K, Rao C. Novel adipokine asprosin modulates browning and adipogenesis in white adipose tissue. J Endocrinol. 2021;249(2):83-93. doi: 10.1530/JOE-20-0503.

[8] Ko JR, Seo DY, Kim TN, Park SH, Kwak HB, Ko KS, et al. Aerobic Exercise Training Decreases Hepatic Asprosin in Diabetic Rats. J Clin Med. 2019;8(5):666. doi: 10.3390/jcm8050666.

[9] Zhang L, Chen C, Zhou N, Fu Y, Cheng X. Circulating asprosin concentrations are increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus and independently associated with fasting glucose and triglyceride. Clin Chim Acta. 2019;489:183-188. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2017.10.034.

[10] Boz İB, Aytürk Salt S, Salt Ö, Sayın NC, Dibirdik İ. Association Between Plasma Asprosin Levels and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2023;16:2515-2521. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S424651.

[11] Lee T, Yun S, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Asprosin impairs insulin secretion in response to glucose and viability through TLR4/JNK-mediated inflammation. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2019;486:96-104. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2019.03.001.

[12] Jung TW, Kim HC, Kim HU, Park T, Park J, Kim U, et al. Asprosin attenuates insulin signaling pathway through PKCδ-activated ER stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(11):20888-20899. doi:10.1002/jcp.28694.

[13] Hoffmann JG, Xie W, Chopra AR. Energy Regulation Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential of Asprosin. Diabetes. 2020;69(4):559-566. doi:10.2337/dbi19-0009.

[14] Sampath Kumar A, Maiya AG, Shastry BA, Vaishali K, Ravishankar N, Hazari A, et al. Exercise and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2019;62(2):98-103. doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2018.11.001.

[15] Lateef Mohammed, A. and R. Haghshenas, The effect of endurance training on gene and protein expression of TGFβ and integrin in the liver of male rat diabetic. Sport Physiology, 2022. 14(55): p. 131-150.[in persion].

[16] Sobhani, F., R. Haghshenas, and M. Rahimi, Effect of eight weeks aerobic training and supplementation of green tea on apelin plasma levels and insulin resistance in elderly women with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2019. 28(170): p. 84-93. [in persion].

[18] Maghami, M., Keshavarz, S., Haghshenas, R., & Eftekhari, E. The Effect of Endurance Training and Nettle Consumption on Protein and Gene Expression of AKT and GLUT4 in Soleus Muscle of Diabetic Male Rats. ijdld 2021; 21 (4) :240-249 [in persion].

[19] Furman BL. Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Models in Mice and Rats. Curr Protoc Pharmacol. 2015;70:5.47.1-5.47.20. doi:10.1002/0471141755.ph0547s70.

[20] Daher CF, Baroody KG, Baroody GM. Effect of Urtica dioica extract intake upon blood lipid profile in the rats. Fitoterapia. 2006;77(3):183-188. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2006.01.010.

[21] Naiemian S, Naeemipour M, Zarei M, Lari Najafi M, Gohari A, Behroozikhah MR, et al. Serum concentration of asprosin in new-onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020;12:65. doi:10.1186/s13098-020-00564-w.

[22] Otles S, Yalcin B. Phenolic compounds analysis of root, stalk, and leaves of nettle. ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:564367. doi:10.1100/2012/564367.

[23] Joshi, B.C., M. Mukhija, and A.N. Kalia, Pharmacognostical review of Urtica dioica L. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP), 2014. 8(4).

[24] Raimova, K. V., Abdulladjanova, N. G., Tashpulatov, F. N., Juraev, S. S., Matchanov, A. D., Rakhimov, R. N, et al., Comprehensive study of the chemical composition of Urtica dioica L. Journal of Critical Reviews, 2020. 7(5): p. 750-755.

[25] Samakar B, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H. A review of the effects of Urtica dioica (nettle) in metabolic syndrome. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022;25(5):543-553. doi:10.22038/IJBMS.2022.58892.13079.

[26] Mehri, A., Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Larijani, B., & Abdollahi, M. A systematic review of efficacy and safety of Urtica dioica in the treatment of diabetes. IJP, 2011. 7(2): p. 161-170. doi: 10.3923/ijp.2011.161.170.

Volume 16, Issue 1 - Serial Number 99March 2024Pages 17-29

Volume 16, Issue 1 - Serial Number 99
March 2024
Pages 17-29