Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license
Authors
1 MSc of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, North Tehran Branch , Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran3
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Nesfatin-1is a reducing appetite peptide, on the other hand energy demand decreases in high altitude, thus it’s possible that training in altitude could have more reducing effect on weight. We decided to do this research in order to investigation the effects of 6-weeks aerobic training in hypoxic condition vs normoxic condition on resting Nesfati-1 and insulin resistance in overweight women. Material and methods: Twenty-four overweight young women (age: 28.25±3.7 yrs. height: 161.8±3.01 cm, weight: 78.64±7.18) were selected and randomly assigned into two experimental groups: hypoxia group (n= 12, 60% of HRmax, in hypoxic condition resembling of 3000 m altitude) and normoxy group (n= 12, 60% of HRmax, in normoxy condition). Training program was consisted of 6 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Anthropometric characteristic, glucose concentration, insulin concentration, insulin resistance and Nesfatin-1 plasma concentration were analyzed before and after training period. Dependent and independent t-test were used as statistical tests. Results: Between group differences in weight (p=0.16), BMI (p=0.19) and glucose (p=0.23) was not significant, but for fat percent (p=0.02), waist circumference (p=0.03), insulin (p=0.001), HOMA-IR (p=0.001) and Nefatin-1 (p=0.002) were significant. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that aerobic exercise in hypoxic condition led to higher increase in Nesfatin-1 in comparison with normoxy condition. Presumably improvement in body composition and insulin resistance index are related to Nestin-1 changes and resulting appetite and energy demand decrement
Keywords
2. German, A.J., et al., Improvement in insulin resistance and reduction in plasma inflammatory adipokines after weight loss in obese dogs. Domest Anim Endocrinol, 2009. 37(4): p. 214-26.
3. Prentice, A., Are defects in energy expenditure involved in the causation of obesity? obesity reviews, 2007. 8: p. 89-91.
4. Kohno, D., et al., Nesfatin-1 neurons in paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus coexpress oxytocin and vasopressin and are activated by refeeding. Endocrinology, 2007. 149(3): p. 1295-1301.
5. Taji Tabas, A. and M. Mogharnasi, The effect of 10 week resistance exercise training on serum levels of nesfatin-1 and insulin resistance index in woman with type 2 diabetes. Iranian journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 2016. 14(3): p. 179-188.
6. Shimizu, H., et al., Peripheral administration of nesfatin-1 reduces food intake in mice: the leptin-independent mechanism. Endocrinology, 2009. 150(2): p. 662-671.
474 علوم زیستی ورزشی، دورة 11 ، شمارة 4، زمستان 1398
7. Ramanjaneya, M., et al., Identification of Nesfatin-1 in Human and Murine Adipose Tissue: A Novel Depot-Specific Adipokine with Increased Levels in Obesity. Endocrinology, 2010. 151(7): p. 3169.
8. Shimizu, H., et al., A new anorexigenic protein, nesfatin-1. Peptides, 2009. 30(5): p. 995-998.
9. Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S., et al., Appetite at “high altitude”[Operation Everest III (Comex-’97)]: a simulated ascent of Mount Everest. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1999. 87(1): p. 391-399.
10. Hunter, G., et al., A role for high intensity exercise on energy balance and weight control. International journal of obesity, 1998. 22(6): p. 489-493.
11. HOLLOSZY, J., et al., Effects of exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Acta Medica Scandinavica, 1986. 220(S711): p. 55-65.
12. Dengel, D., et al., Distinct effects of aerobic exercise training and weight loss on glucose homeostasis in obese sedentary men. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1996. 81(1): p. 318.
13. Deriaz, O., et al., Skeletal muscle low attenuation area and maximal fat oxidation rate during submaximal exercise in male obese individuals. International journal of obesity, 2001. 25(11): p. 1579-1584.
14. Millet, G.P., et al., Hypoxic training and team sports: a challenge to traditional methods? 2013, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine.
15. Ahmadizad, S., et al., The effects of short-term high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on plasma levels of nesfatin-1 and inflammatory markers. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig, 2015. 21(3): p. 165-73.
16. Dill, D. and D. Costill, Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1974. 37(2): p. 247.
17. Ghanbari-Niaki, A., R.R. Kraemer, and R. Soltani, Plasma nesfatin-1 and glucoregulatory hormone responses to two different anaerobic exercise sessions. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2010. 110(4): p. 863-8.
18. Chaolu, H., et al., Effect of exercise and high-fat diet on plasma adiponectin and nesfatin levels in mice. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2011. 2(2): p. 369-373.
19. Haghshenas, R., et al., The effect of eight weeks endurance training and high-fat diet on appetite-regulating hormones in rat plasma. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences, 2014. 17(4): p. 237.
20. Haghshenas, R., et al., The Effect of a 12 -Week Endurance Training on IL-6, IL-10 and Nesfatin -1 Plasma Level of Obese Male Rats. journal of sport bioscience 2013. 5(4): p. 109-122 (In persian).
21. Debevec, T., et al., Effects of prolonged hypoxia and bed rest on appetite and appetite-related hormones. Appetite, 2016. 107: p. 28-37.
22. Ravasi, A., et al., The effect of high intensity intermittent exercise (HIE) in Hypoxia and normoxia on response of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in non-athletic men. Journal of sport bioscience, 2015. 7(4): p. 519-540.
تأثیر شش هفته تمرین هوازی در شرایط هایپوکسی بر سطوح استراحتی نسفاتین- 1 و ... 475
23. Robach, P., et al., Hypoxic training: effect on mitochondrial function and aerobic performance in hypoxia. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2014. 46(10): p. 1936-1945.
24. Netzer, N.C., R. Chytra, and T. Küpper, Low intense physical exercise in normobaric hypoxia leads to more weight loss in obese people than low intense physical exercise in normobaric sham hypoxia. Sleep and Breathing, 2008. 12(2): p. 129-134.
25. Tschop, M., et al., Influence of hypobaric hypoxia on leptin levels in men. International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders, 2000. 24.
26. Sumi, D., C. Kojima, and K. Goto, Impact of endurance exercise in hypoxia on muscle damage, inflammatory and performance responses. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2018. 32(4): p. 1053-1062.
27. Dela, F., et al., Physical training increases muscle GLUT4 protein and mRNA in patients with NIDDM. Diabetes, 1994. 43(7): p. 862-5.
28. Ebeling, P., et al., Mechanism of enhanced insulin sensitivity in athletes. Increased blood flow, muscle glucose transport protein (GLUT-4) concentration, and glycogen synthase activity. J Clin Invest, 1993. 92(4): p. 1623-31.
29. Ivy, J.L., Role of exercise training in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Sports Med, 1997. 24(5): p. 321-36.
30. Andersson, A., et al., Effects of physical exercise on phospholipid fatty acid composition in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol, 1998. 274(3 Pt 1): p. E432-8.
31. Li, F., et al., The impact of intermittent exercise in a hypoxic environment on redox status and cardiac troponin release in the serum of well-trained marathon runners. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2016. 116(10): p. 2045-51.
)