The Effect of a Period of Interval Training and Step Taper on Performance Indexes in Male Rats during Puberty

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran

2 MSc of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of interval training and step taper on weight changes and endurance performance in male rats during puberty. In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (3 weeks old) were randomly divided into exercise and control groups. After 6 weeks of incremental interval training, exercise group was divided in to 3 groups of 3-week taper with Intensity, frequency and repetition. Weight and performance indexes were evaluated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and LSD test at α≤0.05. The results showed a significant difference in fatigue time among all different taper groups (P≤0.001) and also between taper weeks and interval period (P≤0.008). Intensity taper with 28.57% reduction in intensity had the best average fatigue time, distance traveled in the test and performance (Pri) compared with other groups. Also, the distance traveled in the test and exhaustion time reached their maximum in the second week of taper. The results of the present study suggested that intensity step taper increased endurance performance by 52.13%. Also, 2 weeks of reduction in exercise load can have more effective synergic effects through an intervention in weight changes and exhaustion time.   
 

Keywords

References

  1.  

    1. Argyris Toubekis, Evgenia Drosou, Vassilios Gourgoulis, Savvas Thomaidis, Helen Douda, Savvas Tokmakidis. (2013). Competitive Performance, Training Load and Physiological Responses During Tapering in Young Swimmers. Journal of Human Kinetics, 38(2):125-13.
    2. Astorino, Todd, Baker, Julien, Boone, Tommy, Dalleck, Lance, Drury, Dan, Engals, DPE Hermann, Laskin, James. (2005). Effect of moderate and high intensivity aerobic exercise no the body composition of overweight men. JEPonline, 8(2): 39-45.
    3. Bosquet, Laurent, Montpetit, Jonathan, Arvisais, Denis, & Mujika, Iñigo. (2007). Effects of tapering on performance: A meta-analysis. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 39(8), 1358.
    4. Burgomaster, Kirsten A, Heigenhauser, George JF, & Gibala, Martin J. (2006). Effect of short-term sprint interval training on human skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism during exercise and time-trial performance. Journal of applied physiology, 100(6), 2041-2047.
    5. Donnelly, Joseph E, Smith, Bryan, Jacobsen, Dennis J, Kirk, Erik, DuBose, Katrina, Hyder, Melissa, Washburn, Richard. (2004). The role of exercise for weight loss and maintenance. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 18(6), 1009-1029.
    6. Dreon, Darlene M, Frey-Hewitt, Barbara, Ellsworth, Nancy, Williams, Paul T, Terry, Richard B, & Wood, Peter D. (1988). Dietary fat: carbohydrate ratio and obesity in middle-aged men. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 47(6), 995-1000.
    7. Ferraresso RLP, Buscariolli de Oliveira R, Macedo DV, Alessandro Soares Nunes L, Brenzikofer R, Damas D, et al. (2012). Interaction between overtraining and the interindividual variability may (not) trigger muscle oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 20(12).
    8. Izquierdo-Gabarren, Mikle, & Izquierdo, MIKEL. (2010). Physiological effects of tapering and detraining in world-class kayakers. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, 42, No. 6: 1209–1214.
    9. Kubukeli, Zuko N, Noakes, Timothy D, & Dennis, Steven C. (2002). Training techniques to improve endurance exercise performances. Sports Medicine, 32(8), 489-509.
    10. Le Meur, Y, Hausswirth, C, & Mujika, I. (2012). Tapering for competition: A review. Science & Sports, 27(2), 77-87.
    11. Luden N, Hayes E, Galpin A, Minchev K, Jemiolo B, Raue U, et al. (2010). Myocellular basis for tapering in competitive distance runners. Journal of Applied Physiology;108(6):1501-9.
    12. Margaritis, Irene, Palazzetti, Stephane, Rousseau, Anne-Sophie, Richard, Marie-Jeanne, & Favier, Alain. (2003). Antioxidant supplementation and tapering exercise improve exercise-induced antioxidant response. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 22(2), 147-156.
    13. MirdarHarijani, Shadmehr, Nejabat, Majid, & Hajizadeh Moghadam, Akbar. (2013). Effect of one session endurance exhausting exercise on some coagulation markers of mature and immature wistar rats. ISMJ, 16(2), 80-91.
    14. Mougios, V, Kazaki, M, Christoulas, K, Ziogas, G, & Petridou, A. (2006). Does the intensity of an exercise programme modulate body composition changes? International journal of sports medicine, 27(3), 178-181.
    15. Mujika, I. (1998). The influence of training characteristics and tapering on the adaptation in highly trained individuals: a review. Int J Sports Med, 19(7), 439-446.
    16. Mujika, I, Goya, A, Ruiz, E, Grijalba, A, Santisteban, J, & Padilla, S. (2002). Physiological and performance responses to a 6-day taper in middle-distance runners: influence of training frequency. International journal of sports medicine, 23(05), 367-373.
    17. Mujika, Iñigo. (2010). Intense training: the key to optimal performance before and during the taper. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 20(s2), 24-31.
    18. Mujika, Iñigo. (2011). Tapering for triathlon competition. Journal of human sport & exercise; 6: 264-270.
    19. Mujika, INIGO, Goya, ALFREDO, Padilla, SABINO, Grijalba, A, Gorostiaga, ESTEBAN, & Ibanez, JAVIER. (2000). Physiological responses to a 6-d taper in middle-distance runners: influence of training intensity and volume. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 32(2), 511-517.
    20. Ogura Y, Naito H, Kurosaka M, Sugiura T, Junichiro A, Katamoto S. (2006). Sprint-interval training induces heat shock protein 72 in rat skeletal muscles. Journal of sports science & medicine, 5(2):194.
    21. Papacosta, Elena, & Gleeson, Michael. (2013). Effects of intensified training and taper on immune function. Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte, 27(1), 159-176.
    22. Papacosta, Elena, Gleeson, Michael, Nassis, George. (2013).Salivary Hormones, IgA, and Performance During Intense Training and Tapering in Judo Athletes. Journal Strength Cond,27(9):2569-80.
    23. Rietjens, GJWM, Keizer, HA, Kuipers, H, & Saris, WHM. (2001). A reduction in training volume and intensity for 21 days does not impair performance in cyclists. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(6), 431-434.
    24. Slentz, Cris A, Duscha, Brian D, Johnson, Johanna L, Ketchum, Kevin, Aiken, Lori B, Samsa, Gregory P, Kraus, William E. (2004). Effects of the amount of exercise on body weight, body composition, and measures of central obesity: STRRIDE--a randomized controlled study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 164(1), 31.
    25. Stepto, NIGEL K, Hawley, JOHN A, Dennis, STEVEN C, & Hopkins, WILL G. (1999). Effects of different interval-training programs on cycling time-trial performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31, 736-741.
    26. Swenson Jr, EJ, & Conlee, RK. (1979). Effects of exercise intensity on body composition in adult males. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 19(4), 323.
    27. Thirumalai, T, Therasa, S Viviyan, Elumalai, EK, & David, E. (2011). Intense and exhaustive exercise induce oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 1(1), 63-66.
    28. Thomas, Luc, & Busso, THIERRY. (2005). A theoretical study of taper characteristics to optimize performance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 37(9), 1615.
    29. Trinity, Joel D, Pahnke, Matthew D, Reese, Edwin C, & Coyle, Edward F. (2006). Maximal mechanical power during a taper in elite swimmers. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 38(9), 1643.
    30. Zhang X-Q, Song J, Carl LL, Shi W, Qureshi A, Tian Q, et al. (2002). Effects of sprint training on contractility and [Ca2+] i transients in adult rat myocytes. Journal of Applied Physiology, 93(4):1310-7.

     

Journal of Sport Biosciences
Volume 7, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
Winter 2016
Pages 619-634

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics