Journal of Sport Biosciences

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Editorial Policies

Open Access Policy

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

Peer Review Process

News

Journal Metrics

Social Networks

Guide for Authors

Forms

Reviewers

Publons Membership and Review Guide

The Effect of Endurance Training, Detraining and Shock Training on Monocarboxylate Transporters in the Gastrocnemius Muscle and Endurance Performance of Male Rats

Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license

Authors

1 . Assistant Professor, Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

2 . Associate Professor, Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

3 MSc in Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

Abstract

Aerobic training can have an important role in the delay of metabolic fatigue occurrence by increasing lactate transporters. However, changes in monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) during the detraining period and the effect of, so-called, shock training on the maintenance of training adaptations during the detraining period have remained unknown.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training, detraining and shock training on the endurance performance and protein levels of monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4). The training program consisted of running on the treadmill for 12 weeks (5 days a week). The detraining/shock training protocol (one session per week, for 40 minutes at a speed of 20-30 m/min) was applied from 10th to 12th week. Levels of MCT1 and MCT4 were measured by the ELISA method. The levels of MCT1 in the endurance training group were higher than the control group (P= 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the level of MCT1 among detraining, endurance training (P=1.000) and shock training (P=0.9981) groups. Endurance training, detraining and shock training groups didn’t change MCT4 levels (P=0.148). Detraining significantly decreased endurance performance compared with the endurance training group (P=0.001). Despite the decreased performance of the shock training group compared to the endurance training group (P=0.0001), shock training prevents detraining induced performance loss (p=0.006). Endurance training increases the MCT1 level of the gastrocnemius muscle. This increase is not influenced by detraining or shock training. However, it seems that shock training can ameliorate the loss of endurance performance caused by detraining.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
1.   Robergs RA, Ghiasvand F, Parker D. Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2004;287(3):R502-R16.
2.   Nikooie R, Rajabi H, Gharakhanlu R, Omidfar K. The Effects of Seven Weeks Endurance Training on Lactate Transportes Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscles of Wistar Rats. Journal of Sport and Biomotor Sciences. 2012;4(8):15-24 [in persian].
3.   Juel C, Klarskov C, Nielsen JJ, Krustrup P, Mohr M, Bangsbo J. Effect of high-intensity intermittent training on lactate and H+ release from human skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2004;286(2):E245-E51.
4.   Bonen A. The expression of lactate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4) in heart and muscle. European journal of applied physiology. 2001;86(1):6-11.
5.   Brooks GA. Cell–cell and intracellular lactate shuttles. The Journal of physiology. 2009;587(23):5591-600.
6.   Horii N, Hasegawa N, Fujie S, Uchida M, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Hashimoto T, et al. High-intensity intermittent exercise training with chlorella intake accelerates exercise performance and muscle glycolytic and oxidative capacity in rats. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2017;312(4):R520-R8.
7.   Saxena S, Shukla D, Bansal A. Expression of monocarboxylate transporter isoforms in rat skeletal muscle under hypoxic preconditioning and endurance training. High altitude medicine & biology. 2016;17(1):32-42.
8.   Kitaoka Y, Hoshino D, Hatta H. Monocarboxylate transporter and lactate metabolism. The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine. 2012;1(2):247-52.
9.   Baker SK, McCullagh KJ, Bonen A. Training intensity-dependent and tissue-specific increases in lactate uptake and MCT-1 in heart and muscle. Journal of applied physiology. 1998;84(3):987-94.
10. Bishop D, Edge J, Thomas C, Mercier J. Effects of high-intensity training on muscle lactate transporters and postexercise recovery of muscle lactate and hydrogen ions in women. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2008;295(6):R1991-R8.
11. Millet G, Bentley DJ, Roels B, Mc Naughton LR, Mercier J, Cameron-Smith D. Effects of intermittent training on anaerobic performance and MCT transporters in athletes. PloS one. 2014;9(5).
12. Evertsen F, Medbø J, Bonen A. Effect of training intensity on muscle lactate transporters and lactate threshold of cross‐country skiers. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 2001;173(2):195-205.
13. Burgomaster KA, Cermak NM, Phillips SM, Benton CR, Bonen A, Gibala MJ. Divergent response of metabolite transport proteins in human skeletal muscle after sprint interval training and detraining. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2007;292(5):R1970-R6.
14. Guy P, Snow D. The effect of training and detraining on lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the horse. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 1977;75(4):863-9.
15. Kitaoka Y, Masuda H, Mukai K, Hiraga A, Takemasa T, Hatta H. Effect of training and detraining on monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 and MCT4 in Thoroughbred horses. Experimental physiology. 2011;96(3):348-55.
16. Chi M, Hintz C, Coyle E, Martin 3rd W, Ivy J, Nemeth PM, et al. Effects of detraining on enzymes of energy metabolism in individual human muscle fibers. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology. 1983;244(3):C276-C87.
17. Toraman NF, Ayceman N. Effects of six weeks of detraining on retention of functional fitness of old people after nine weeks of multicomponent training. British journal of sports medicine. 2005;39(8):565-8.
18. Pedersen BK. Exercise and cytokines. Immunology and cell biology. 2000;78(5):532-5.
19. Karimi A, Gorzi A, Azad A, Karaj I. The Effect of Six Weeks Relative and Absolute Detraining on Health Status of Elite Weightlifters in Zanjan. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (JMUMS). 2013.
20. Mayorga-Vega D, Viciana J, Cocca A. Effects of a circuit training program on muscular and cardiovascular endurance and their maintenance in schoolchildren. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2013;37(1):153-60.
21. Gorzi A, Ekradi S, Rahmani A. The Effect of High Intensity Endurance Training on Antioxidant Defense and Lipid Peroxidation of Male Wistar Rats. Journal of Sport Biosciences. 2018;10(3):333-45. [in persian].
22. Mohebbi H, Garekani ET, Hedayati M, Fathi R. Effects of exercise training on high molecular weight adiponectin in healthy male rat. Iranian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 2009;11(3).
23. Shepherd R, Gollnick P. Oxygen uptake of rats at different work intensities. Pflügers Archiv. 1976;362(3):219-22.
24. Bijeh N, Hejazi K, Delpasand A. Acute and Chronic Responses of Serum Leptin Hormone to Different Intensities of Exercise in Rats with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Pathobiology Research. 2015;18(1):95-106.
25. Vincent HK, Powers SK, Stewart DJ, Demirel HA, Shanely RA, Naito H. Short-term exercise training improves diaphragm antioxidant capacity and endurance. European journal of applied physiology. 2000;81(1-2):67-74.
26. MirdarHarijani S, Nejabat M, Hajizadeh Moghadam A. Effect of one session endurance exhausting exercise on some coagulation markers of mature and immature wistar rats. ISMJ. 2013;16(2):80-91.
27. Ferraresso RLP, Buscariolli de Oliveira R, Macedo DV, Alessandro Soares Nunes Lz, Brenzikofer R, Damas D, et al. Interaction between overtraining and the interindividual variability may (not) trigger muscle oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity.2012.
28. Shareghi Brojeni M, Salimi M, Mirmohammadsadeghi Z, Haghparast A, Eliassi A. Comparison of Effects of Light Anesthetics, Diethyl Ether and Carbon Dioxide, on Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus D(1) and D(2) Dopamine Receptors- and Glucosensitive Neurons-Induced Food Intake in Fasted Conscious Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2018;9(4):269-74.
29. Bonen A, Miskovic D, Tonouchi M, Lemieux K, Wilson MC, Marette A, et al. Abundance and subcellular distribution of MCT1 and MCT4 in heart and fast-twitch skeletal muscles. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology And Metabolism. 2000;278(6):E1067-E77.
30. Loo B-M, Marniemi J, Jula A. Evaluation of multiplex immunoassays, used for determination of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and ghrelin from human blood samples, in comparison to ELISA assays. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. 2011;71(3):221-6.
31. Kobayashi M. Fiber type-specific localization of monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 in rat skeletal muscle. The Kurume medical journal. 2004;51(3-4):253-61.
32. Scariot PP, Manchado-Gobatto FdB, Torsoni AS, dos Reis IG, Beck WR, Gobatto CA. Continuous aerobic training in individualized intensity avoids spontaneous physical activity decline and improves MCT1 expression in oxidative muscle of swimming rats. Frontiers in physiology. 2016;7:132.
33. Thomas C, Bishop DJ, Lambert K, Mercier J, Brooks GA. Effects of acute and chronic exercise on sarcolemmal MCT1 and MCT4 contents in human skeletal muscles: current status. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2012.
34. Visser WE, Friesema EC, Jansen J, Visser TJ. Thyroid hormone transport by monocarboxylate transporters. Best practice & research Clinical endocrinology & metabolism. 2007;21(2):223-36.
35. Dubouchaud H, Butterfield GE, Wolfel EE, Bergman BC, Brooks GA. Endurance training, expression, and physiology of LDH, MCT1, and MCT4 in human skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology And Metabolism. 2000;278(4):E571-E9.
36. Bonen A, Tonouchi M, Miskovic D, Heddle C, Heikkila JJ, Halestrap AP. Isoform-specific regulation of the lactate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 by contractile activity. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology And Metabolism. 2000;279(5):E1131-E8.
37. De Heredia FP, Wood IS, Trayhurn P. Hypoxia stimulates lactate release and modulates monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4) expression in human adipocytes. Pflügers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology. 2010;459(3):509-18.
38. de Araujo GG, Gobatto CA, de Barros Manchado-Gobatto F, Teixeira L, dos Reis I, Caperuto L, et al. MCT1 and MCT4 kinetic of mRNA expression in different tissues after aerobic exercise at maximal lactate steady state workload. Physiological research. 2015;64(4).
39. Houmard J, Hortobagyi T, Johns R, Bruno N, Nute C, Shinebarger M, et al. Effect of short-term training cessation on performance measures in distance runners. International journal of sports medicine. 1992;13(08):572-6.
40. Mujika I, Padilla S. Detraining: loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations. Part I. Sports Medicine. 2000;30(2):79-87.
41. LeMura LM, von Duvillard SP, Andreacci J, Klebez JM, Chelland SA, Russo J. Lipid and lipoprotein profiles, cardiovascular fitness, body composition, and diet during and after resistance, aerobic and combination training in young women. European journal of applied physiology. 2000;82(5-6):451-8.
42. Ravasi A, Razavi TA, Khabazian B. The Effect of 12 Days of Detraining on Aerobic, Anaerobic Capacity and Performance of Elite Male Swimmers. Harekat. 2007;31:125-33.
 
Journal of Sport Biosciences
Volume 12, Issue 4
January 2021
Pages 437-452
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 03 August 2020
  • Revise Date: 03 December 2020
  • Accept Date: 21 November 2020
Share
How to cite
Statistics