Document Type : Research Paper I Open Access I Released under CC BY-NC 4.0 license
Authors
1 MSc, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran
3 Professor, Department of Immunogenetics, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, University of Ayatollah Alozma Boroujerdi, Boroujerd, Lorestan, Iran
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the effect of continuous aerobic training (CAT) on gene expression of positive regulatory domain-containing protein 16 (PRDM16) in white adipose tissue. However, no study has yet investigated the effect of different models of training especially high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the expression of this gene. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two models of HIIT and two models of CAT on gene expression of PRDM16. 40 rats were divided randomly into five groups: 1) control 2) moderate volume CAT 3) high volume CAT 4) moderate volume HIIT and 5) high volume HIIT. The subjects of training groups underwent two models of HIIT and two models of CAT on a treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week. After the last training session, rats were euthanized and subcutaneous adipose tissue were dissected. The Real Time–PCR method was used to measure the relative gene expression of PRDM16. Data showed that the gene expression of PRDM16 had no significant difference in two HIIT and two CAT groups compared with the control group (P>0.05). The results of this study indicated that training exercises including CAT and HIIT do not change the gene expression of PRDM16 in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Keywords
- Bonet ML, P Oliver, and A Palou. Pharmacological and nutritional agents promoting browning of white adipose tissue. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (Biochim Biophys Acta). 2013; 1831(5): p. 969-985.
- Cypess AM and CR Kahn. Brown fat as a therapy for obesity and diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2010; 17(2): p. 143-9.
- Fruhbeck G, S Becerril, N Sainz, P Garrastachu, and MJ Garcia-Velloso. BAT: a new target for human obesity? Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2009; 30(8): p. 387-96.
- Lee YH, EP Mottillo, and JG Granneman. Adipose tissue plasticity from WAT to BAT and in between. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2014; 1842(3): p. 358-69.
- Enerback S. Adipose tissue metabolism in 2012: Adipose tissue plasticity and new therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2013; 9(2): p. 69-70.
- Tiraby C and D Langin. Conversion from white to brown adipocytes: a strategy for the control of fat mass? Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism (Trends Endocrin Met). 2003; 14(10): p. 439-441.
- Wu J, P Cohen, and BM Spiegelman. Adaptive thermogenesis in adipocytes: is beige the new brown? Genes and Development (Gene Dev). 2013; 27(3): p. 234-250.
- Seale P, HM Conroe, J Estall, S Kajimura, A Frontini, J Ishibashi, et al. Prdm16 determines the thermogenic program of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2011; 121(1): p. 96-105.
- Kajimura S, P Seale, K Kubota, E Lunsford, JV Frangioni, SP Gygi, et al. Initiation of myoblast to brown fat switch by a PRDM16–C/EBP-&bgr; transcriptional complex. Nature. 2009; 460(7259): p. 1154-1158.
- Seale P, S Kajimura, and BM Spiegelman. Transcriptional control of brown adipocyte development and physiological function--of mice and men. Genes and Development. 2009; 23(7): p. 788-97.
- Lo KA and L Sun. Turning WAT into BAT: a review on regulators controlling the browning of white adipocytes. Bioscience Reports. 2013; 33(5).
- Bostrom P, J Wu, MP Jedrychowski, A Korde, L Ye, JC Lo, et al. A PGC1-alpha-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature. 2012; 481(7382): p. 463-468.
- Daneshyar S, S Afshari, M Kadivar, and Y Foroutan. The effect of exercise training on the signaling pathway of Microrna196-A to uncoupling protein 1 in white adipose tissue. Science & Sports. 2018; 33(6): p. 380-382.
- De Matteis R, F Lucertini, M Guescini, E Polidori, S Zeppa, V Stocchi, et al. Exercise as a new physiological stimulus for brown adipose tissue activity. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases (Nutr Metab Cardiovas) 2013; 23(6): p. 582-590.
- Ringholm S, J Grunnet Knudsen, L Leick, A Lundgaard, M Munk Nielsen, and H Pilegaard. PGC-1alpha is required for exercise- and exercise training-induced UCP1 up-regulation in mouse white adipose tissue. PLoS One. 2013; 8(5): p. e64123 (1-6).
- Xu X, Z Ying, M Cai, Z Xu, Y Li, SY Jiang, et al. Exercise ameliorates high-fat diet-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunction, and increases adipocyte progenitor cell population in brown adipose tissue. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2011; 300(5): p. R1115-25.
- Laursen PB. Training for intense exercise performance: high‐intensity or high‐volume training? Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports (Scand J Med Sci Spor). 2010; 20(s2): p. 1-10.
- Camera DM, MJ Anderson, JA Hawley, and AL Carey. Short-term endurance training does not alter the oxidative capacity of human subcutaneous adipose tissue. European Journal of Applied Physiology (Eur J Appl Physiol). 2010; 109(2): p. 307-316.
- Walden TB, IR Hansen, JA Timmons, B Cannon, and J Nedergaard. Recruited vs. nonrecruited molecular signatures of brown, "brite," and white adipose tissues. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 302(1): p. E19-31.
- Hargreaves M and M Thompson. Biochemistry of exercise X. Vol. 10. 1999: Human Kinetics.
- Wisløff U, J Helgerud, OJ Kemi, and Ø Ellingsen. Intensity-controlled treadmill running in rats: V̇ o 2 max and cardiac hypertrophy. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2001; 280(3): p. H1301-H1310.
- Trajkovski M, K Ahmed, CC Esau, and M Stoffel. MyomiR-133 regulates brown fat differentiation through Prdm16. Nat Cell Biol. 2012; 14(12): p. 1330-5.
- Liu W, P Bi, T Shan, X Yang, H Yin, Y-X Wang, et al. miR-133a regulates adipocyte browning in vivo. PLoS genetics. 2013; 9(7): p. e1003626.
- Wang W, M Kissig, S Rajakumari, L Huang, H-w Lim, K-J Won, et al. Ebf2 is a selective marker of brown and beige adipogenic precursor cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (National Acad Sciences). 2014; 111(40): p. 14466-14471.
- Shao M, J Ishibashi, CM Kusminski, QA Wang, C Hepler, L Vishvanath, et al. Zfp423 Maintains White Adipocyte Identity through Suppression of the Beige Cell Thermogenic Gene Program. Cell Metab. 2016; 23(6): p. 1167-84.
- Bi P, T Shan, W Liu, F Yue, X Yang, XR Liang, et al. Inhibition of Notch signaling promotes browning of white adipose tissue and ameliorates obesity. Nature Medicine. 2014; 20(8): p. 911-8.
)