University of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-93258320161022The Effect of Omega-3 Supplementation on Serum Levels of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Oxidative Stress Following Plyometric Training in Active MenThe Effect of Omega-3 Supplementation on Serum Levels of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Oxidative Stress Following Plyometric Training in Active Men2953095948210.22059/jsb.2016.59482FAMohammadFazelzadehZiyaFallah Mohammadi0000-0002-9214-0195Journal Article20130720
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 supplementation with 4 weeks of plyometric training on serum changes of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and oxidative stress and their relationship in active men. 28 physical education male students (age 23.21±1.98 year, height 174.25±5.34 cm, weight 66.83±7.49 kg, BMI 20.03±2.25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were randomly divided into four groups including training + omega-3, omega-3, training, control. The training and training+omega-3 (combination) groups performed selected plyometric training for 4 weeks in 2 or 3 sets with 6 to 12 repetitions. Also, supplementary (omega-3) and combination groups daily consumed 2 gr. omega-3 and 1 gr. starch (as a capsule) 3 times per day after their meals. Training group received placebo capsules (starch with similar weight combined by saffron to provide color for an appearance and taste similar to omega-3 capsules). ANOVA was used to examine inter-group differences and Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to investigate the existence of any relationships among variables. A significant increase was observed in BDNF serum levels in combined and supplementation groups compared with the control group (<em>P</em>=0.001, <em>P</em>=0.004 respectively). Serum levels of MDA decreased significantly in supplementation group compared with control group (<em>P</em>=0.002). Also, serum levels of SOD in training group increased significantly compared with control group (<em>P</em>=0.042). Likewise, only a correlation observed was observed between MDA and SOD in supplementation group (<em>P</em>=0.048, <em>r</em>=0.759). Regular consumption of omega-3 supplementation combined with plyometric training increases BDNF and reduces MDA. Consequently, it can be used as a beneficial method to increase the health of the nervous system and to resist oxidative stress induced by exercise training.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 supplementation with 4 weeks of plyometric training on serum changes of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and oxidative stress and their relationship in active men. 28 physical education male students (age 23.21±1.98 year, height 174.25±5.34 cm, weight 66.83±7.49 kg, BMI 20.03±2.25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were randomly divided into four groups including training + omega-3, omega-3, training, control. The training and training+omega-3 (combination) groups performed selected plyometric training for 4 weeks in 2 or 3 sets with 6 to 12 repetitions. Also, supplementary (omega-3) and combination groups daily consumed 2 gr. omega-3 and 1 gr. starch (as a capsule) 3 times per day after their meals. Training group received placebo capsules (starch with similar weight combined by saffron to provide color for an appearance and taste similar to omega-3 capsules). ANOVA was used to examine inter-group differences and Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to investigate the existence of any relationships among variables. A significant increase was observed in BDNF serum levels in combined and supplementation groups compared with the control group (<em>P</em>=0.001, <em>P</em>=0.004 respectively). Serum levels of MDA decreased significantly in supplementation group compared with control group (<em>P</em>=0.002). Also, serum levels of SOD in training group increased significantly compared with control group (<em>P</em>=0.042). Likewise, only a correlation observed was observed between MDA and SOD in supplementation group (<em>P</em>=0.048, <em>r</em>=0.759). Regular consumption of omega-3 supplementation combined with plyometric training increases BDNF and reduces MDA. Consequently, it can be used as a beneficial method to increase the health of the nervous system and to resist oxidative stress induced by exercise training.University of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-93258320161022A Comparison of the Effect of One Swimming Session in Different Water Temperatures on Appetite, Calorie Intake, Calorie Consumption, Food Liking and Blood Lactate in Female StudentsA Comparison of the Effect of One Swimming Session in Different Water Temperatures on Appetite, Calorie Intake, Calorie Consumption, Food Liking and Blood Lactate in Female Students3113225948310.22059/jsb.2016.59483FAFahimaTayibiMohammad RezaHamidi NiaSeyed AlirezaHosseini Khakhak0000-0002-7510-2445Journal Article20130729
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of one swimming session in different water temperatures (23, 33 and 38̊ c) on the appetite, calorie intake, calorie consumption, food liking, and the amount of blood lactate in female students. The research design was semi-experimental and 12 female volunteers (mean age 20.83 ± 1.3 yr, BMI 20.46 ± 2.68 kg/m², weight 53.6 ± 5.46 kg) from university students performed the swimming protocol of front crawl in the three temperatures of 23̊c (cold water), 33̊c (normal water) and 38̊c (warm water) for 45 minutes with intensity of 80-85% of maximum heart rate. The amount of appetite and food-liking were recorded by appetite questionnaire and recall of 24 hours of nutritional materials by the subjects. Also, calorie intake and calorie consumption were recorded in the related questionnaires during, before and after performing the protocol by the subjects and were calculated by the album book of nutritional materials and the summary table of body exercise. The concentration of the blood lactate was measured by a lactometer before, immediately after and 3 and 9 hours after performing the protocol. The results showed that one swimming session in different water temperatures (23, 33 and 38̊ c) had no effects on appetite, food-liking, calorie intake and calorie consumption, and water temperatures cannot have an effect on weight loss or gain alone in this type of participants.
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of one swimming session in different water temperatures (23, 33 and 38̊ c) on the appetite, calorie intake, calorie consumption, food liking, and the amount of blood lactate in female students. The research design was semi-experimental and 12 female volunteers (mean age 20.83 ± 1.3 yr, BMI 20.46 ± 2.68 kg/m², weight 53.6 ± 5.46 kg) from university students performed the swimming protocol of front crawl in the three temperatures of 23̊c (cold water), 33̊c (normal water) and 38̊c (warm water) for 45 minutes with intensity of 80-85% of maximum heart rate. The amount of appetite and food-liking were recorded by appetite questionnaire and recall of 24 hours of nutritional materials by the subjects. Also, calorie intake and calorie consumption were recorded in the related questionnaires during, before and after performing the protocol by the subjects and were calculated by the album book of nutritional materials and the summary table of body exercise. The concentration of the blood lactate was measured by a lactometer before, immediately after and 3 and 9 hours after performing the protocol. The results showed that one swimming session in different water temperatures (23, 33 and 38̊ c) had no effects on appetite, food-liking, calorie intake and calorie consumption, and water temperatures cannot have an effect on weight loss or gain alone in this type of participants. University of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-93258320161022The Effect of Two Types of Garlic Supplementation on DNA Damage Resulting from Exhaustive Exercise in Non-Athlete MenThe Effect of Two Types of Garlic Supplementation on DNA Damage Resulting from Exhaustive Exercise in Non-Athlete Men3233395991510.22059/jsb.2016.59915FASajjadMohammadyariAbbas AliGaeini0000-0002-8679-0669SirousChoobineh0000-0003-4466-0986HamdollahHadiJournal Article20131221
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term garlic supplementation (500 and 1000 mg) on DNA damage index resulting from exhaustive exercise in non-athlete students. 26 male non-athletes (mean<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>SD age 21±1.23 years, weight 69.38±8.28 kg and height 178.9±6.11 cm) were divided randomly into three groups: the placebo and 2 garlic supplementation groups (500 and 1000 mg/day) (the first supplementation group: n=9, the second supplementation group: <em>n</em>=9 and placebo group: <em>n</em>=8). The first and second blood samples were collected in the baseline and after the exhaustive exercise and the third and fourth samples were collected after 8 weeks of supplementation in the baseline and after the exhaustive exercise. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures and two-way ANOVA (<em>a</em>≤0.05). The results showed that a session of exhaustive exercise significantly increased DNA damage. In addition, long-term garlic supplementation (500 and 1000 mg/day) decreased DNA damage in the baseline and after exhaustive exercise. Also, 1000 mg garlic supplementation decreased DNA damage more than 500 mg garlic supplementation in the baseline and after exhaustive exercise (<em>P</em>=0.01).
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term garlic supplementation (500 and 1000 mg) on DNA damage index resulting from exhaustive exercise in non-athlete students. 26 male non-athletes (mean<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span>SD age 21±1.23 years, weight 69.38±8.28 kg and height 178.9±6.11 cm) were divided randomly into three groups: the placebo and 2 garlic supplementation groups (500 and 1000 mg/day) (the first supplementation group: n=9, the second supplementation group: <em>n</em>=9 and placebo group: <em>n</em>=8). The first and second blood samples were collected in the baseline and after the exhaustive exercise and the third and fourth samples were collected after 8 weeks of supplementation in the baseline and after the exhaustive exercise. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures and two-way ANOVA (<em>a</em>≤0.05). The results showed that a session of exhaustive exercise significantly increased DNA damage. In addition, long-term garlic supplementation (500 and 1000 mg/day) decreased DNA damage in the baseline and after exhaustive exercise. Also, 1000 mg garlic supplementation decreased DNA damage more than 500 mg garlic supplementation in the baseline and after exhaustive exercise (<em>P</em>=0.01).
University of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-93258320161022A Study of the Effect of 10 Weeks of Resistance Training on HSP70 and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic WomenA Study of the Effect of 10 Weeks of Resistance Training on HSP70 and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Women3413515950910.22059/jsb.2016.59509FAMahlaTashakori ZadestudentMahdiMogharnasi0000-0002-9351-5948Journal Article20140816 <br />The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 10 weeks of resistance training on serum levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic women. 20 women with type 2 diabetes were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into experimental group (<em>n</em> = 10, mean age 47.13±6.27 year, BMI 28.45±3.32 kg/m²) and control group (<em>n</em> = 10, mean age 50.30±9.97 year, BMI 28.78±2.45 kg/m²). The training program consisted of 10 weeks of resistance training, 3 sessions per week for 90 minutes at 8 stations with 30-80% one repetition maximum (1RM). After 12 hours of fasting, blood samples were collected 48 hours before the study and 48 hours after the last training session. Data were analyzed using the<em>Shapiro Wilk test and</em> independent and dependent t tests with SPSS version 21 at significance level (<em>α</em><0.05). The results showed that 10 weeks of resistance training in experimental group significantly decreased HSP70 levels, glucose and insulin resistance (<em>P</em><0.05) whereas insulin levels did not change significantly (<em>P</em>>0.05). HSP70 and glucose changes from pretest to the posttest in the experimental group were significant compared with the control group (<em>P</em><0.05). It seems that resistance training reduces fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance and increases levels of HSP70 in patients with type 2 diabetes; therefore, this training can be recommended as an adjuvant therapy in these patients. <br />The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 10 weeks of resistance training on serum levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic women. 20 women with type 2 diabetes were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into experimental group (<em>n</em> = 10, mean age 47.13±6.27 year, BMI 28.45±3.32 kg/m²) and control group (<em>n</em> = 10, mean age 50.30±9.97 year, BMI 28.78±2.45 kg/m²). The training program consisted of 10 weeks of resistance training, 3 sessions per week for 90 minutes at 8 stations with 30-80% one repetition maximum (1RM). After 12 hours of fasting, blood samples were collected 48 hours before the study and 48 hours after the last training session. Data were analyzed using the<em>Shapiro Wilk test and</em> independent and dependent t tests with SPSS version 21 at significance level (<em>α</em><0.05). The results showed that 10 weeks of resistance training in experimental group significantly decreased HSP70 levels, glucose and insulin resistance (<em>P</em><0.05) whereas insulin levels did not change significantly (<em>P</em>>0.05). HSP70 and glucose changes from pretest to the posttest in the experimental group were significant compared with the control group (<em>P</em><0.05). It seems that resistance training reduces fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance and increases levels of HSP70 in patients with type 2 diabetes; therefore, this training can be recommended as an adjuvant therapy in these patients.University of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-93258320161022The Effects of Endurance and Resistance Training on Activity of G4 Acetyl Cholinesterase in Fast and Slow Twitch Muscles of RatsThe Effects of Endurance and Resistance Training on Activity of G4 Acetyl Cholinesterase in Fast and Slow Twitch Muscles of Rats3533645948410.22059/jsb.2016.59484FARezaGhara KhanlouAliGorziMahdiBayatiJournal Article20130803 <br />The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of endurance and resistance training on the activity of G4 acetyl cholinesterase in FHL and soleus muscles of rats. 24 male Wistar rats (age: 10 weeks and weight: 171.94±8.961 gr) were randomly divided into 3 groups (control, endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT)). ET and RT groups carried out 8 weeks (5 sessions per week) of training programs. Resistancet<strong>raining included climbing a </strong><strong>1-m </strong><strong>ladder </strong><strong>(26 stairs) carrying a weight.</strong><strong>R</strong>esults showed that the activity of this protein in fast twitch muscle of RT and ET groups increased significantly (<em>P</em>=0.045 and <em>P</em>=0.015 respectively) compared to control group, but there were no significant differences between RT and ET groups in the mean activity of this protein in the fast twitch muscle (<em>P</em>=0.838). Activity of this protein in slow muscle of RT group was significantly higher than control and ET group (<em>P</em>=0.003 and <em>P</em>=0.005 respectively) but there were no significant differences between control and ET groups in the mean activity of this protein (<em>P</em>=0.958). It seems that this resistance training protocol had a clear effect on the G4 AChE activity in both slow and fast twitch muscles, suggesting the importance of this type of training for adaptations of these muscles. Response to both types of training by fast twitch muscles could be due to more responsiveness of these muscles to training stimuli. <br />The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of endurance and resistance training on the activity of G4 acetyl cholinesterase in FHL and soleus muscles of rats. 24 male Wistar rats (age: 10 weeks and weight: 171.94±8.961 gr) were randomly divided into 3 groups (control, endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT)). ET and RT groups carried out 8 weeks (5 sessions per week) of training programs. Resistancet<strong>raining included climbing a </strong><strong>1-m </strong><strong>ladder </strong><strong>(26 stairs) carrying a weight.</strong><strong>R</strong>esults showed that the activity of this protein in fast twitch muscle of RT and ET groups increased significantly (<em>P</em>=0.045 and <em>P</em>=0.015 respectively) compared to control group, but there were no significant differences between RT and ET groups in the mean activity of this protein in the fast twitch muscle (<em>P</em>=0.838). Activity of this protein in slow muscle of RT group was significantly higher than control and ET group (<em>P</em>=0.003 and <em>P</em>=0.005 respectively) but there were no significant differences between control and ET groups in the mean activity of this protein (<em>P</em>=0.958). It seems that this resistance training protocol had a clear effect on the G4 AChE activity in both slow and fast twitch muscles, suggesting the importance of this type of training for adaptations of these muscles. Response to both types of training by fast twitch muscles could be due to more responsiveness of these muscles to training stimuli. University of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-93258320161022A Comparison of Moderate Intensity Continuous Training and High Intensity Interval Training on Serum Levels of Resistin and Insulin Resistance in Type-2 Diabetic Obese WomenA Comparison of Moderate Intensity Continuous Training and High Intensity Interval Training on Serum Levels of Resistin and Insulin Resistance in Type-2 Diabetic Obese Women3653805950410.22059/jsb.2016.59504FARahmanSouri0000-0003-1511-0088NikoKhosraviHaniyehYazdan DostMohammadHossein AitiJournal Article20150427 <br />The present study intended to compare two types of aerobic training on serum levels of resistin and insulin resistance in type-2 diabetic women. 24 middle-aged type-2 diabetic women (mean age 41.8±3.45 yr, weight 76.8±3.61 kg, BMI 31.1±1.02 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, body fat percentage 41.6±1.38 and WHR 0.94±0.05) were purposively selected and then randomly assigned to three groups: highly-intensity interval training, moderate-intensity endurance training and control. The two experimental groups performed the training protocol for 16 weeks, 3 sessions per week. After 12 hours of fasting, blood samples were collected and serum resistin concentration and insulin were measured. The data were analyzed by Kolmogorov –Smirnoff test, one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test and paired t testat the significance level of <em>P</em>>0.05. Findings showed no significant statistical difference between highly-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity endurance training in serum resistin and insulin resistance. Both types of training significantly reduced resistin, insulin resistance, BMI and body fat percentage (<em>P</em>>0.05), but they could not significantly change WHR (<em>P</em>>0.05). The results showed no significant differences between 16 weeks of highly-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity endurance training in resistin, anthropometric index and insulin resistance. Both types of training can improve insulin resistance and reduce serum resistin. This reduction can signal the reduction of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. <br />The present study intended to compare two types of aerobic training on serum levels of resistin and insulin resistance in type-2 diabetic women. 24 middle-aged type-2 diabetic women (mean age 41.8±3.45 yr, weight 76.8±3.61 kg, BMI 31.1±1.02 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, body fat percentage 41.6±1.38 and WHR 0.94±0.05) were purposively selected and then randomly assigned to three groups: highly-intensity interval training, moderate-intensity endurance training and control. The two experimental groups performed the training protocol for 16 weeks, 3 sessions per week. After 12 hours of fasting, blood samples were collected and serum resistin concentration and insulin were measured. The data were analyzed by Kolmogorov –Smirnoff test, one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test and paired t testat the significance level of <em>P</em>>0.05. Findings showed no significant statistical difference between highly-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity endurance training in serum resistin and insulin resistance. Both types of training significantly reduced resistin, insulin resistance, BMI and body fat percentage (<em>P</em>>0.05), but they could not significantly change WHR (<em>P</em>>0.05). The results showed no significant differences between 16 weeks of highly-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity endurance training in resistin, anthropometric index and insulin resistance. Both types of training can improve insulin resistance and reduce serum resistin. This reduction can signal the reduction of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors.University of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-93258320161022A Study of Anthropometric Characteristics and Selected Physical Fitness Factors of Iranian Elite Fencers (Epee, Foil and Sabre)A Study of Anthropometric Characteristics and Selected Physical Fitness Factors of Iranian Elite Fencers (Epee, Foil and Sabre)3813925950510.22059/jsb.2016.59505FAZainabPurserdardanshgahe elmi karbordiRezaSadeghiyan Shahidanshgah yazdRozaRahavidanshgah yazdJournal Article20140107 <br />The aim of the present study was to examine anthropometric characteristics and selected physical fitness factors in male elite athletes (epee, foil, sabre) of Iran national fencing team. The statistical population consisted of 30 athletes of fencing national team (age range 22.2± 3.67 yr) in the three weapons (epee <em>n</em>=10, foil <em>n</em>=10 and sabre <em>n</em>=10). Anthropometric characteristics (sitting height, arm length, body mass index (BMI), body fat percent) and physical fitness factors including aerobic and anaerobic power, muscular strength, speed, agility, flexibility and reaction time were measured. Tests were performed in Olympic National Committee laboratory. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Results showed no significant differences in anthropometric characteristics among fencers, but given physical fitness factors, foil fencers had more muscle strength (long jump) and higher speed (40 yards) and sabre fencers had more hip flexibility in comparison with the other groups. <br />The aim of the present study was to examine anthropometric characteristics and selected physical fitness factors in male elite athletes (epee, foil, sabre) of Iran national fencing team. The statistical population consisted of 30 athletes of fencing national team (age range 22.2± 3.67 yr) in the three weapons (epee <em>n</em>=10, foil <em>n</em>=10 and sabre <em>n</em>=10). Anthropometric characteristics (sitting height, arm length, body mass index (BMI), body fat percent) and physical fitness factors including aerobic and anaerobic power, muscular strength, speed, agility, flexibility and reaction time were measured. Tests were performed in Olympic National Committee laboratory. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Results showed no significant differences in anthropometric characteristics among fencers, but given physical fitness factors, foil fencers had more muscle strength (long jump) and higher speed (40 yards) and sabre fencers had more hip flexibility in comparison with the other groups.University of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-93258320161022The Effect of Combined Station Training on Adiponectin and hs-CRP in Overweight WomenThe Effect of Combined Station Training on Adiponectin and hs-CRP in Overweight Women3934095950610.22059/jsb.2016.59506FAMarziehAnsaristudentRuhollahRanjbarDeputy shahid Chamran University School of Physical EducationMasuodNikbakhtJournal Article20150629 <br /> <br />The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of combined station training on the adiponectin and hs-CRP in overweight women. 22 overweight women (mean ± SD, age 26.04±4.43 years; weight 73.10±6.56 kg; body mass index 29.35±2.53) were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into control (<em>n</em>=11) and combined station training (<em>n</em>=11) groups. The subjects of combined station training practiced for 8 weeks, 4 sessions per week with an intensity of 70–90% MHR. Blood samples were collected in a fasting state before practice and 48 hours after the last training session. ELISA was used to measure hormonal variables. For data analysis, ANCOVA analysis was used. After 8 weeks of combined station training, the levels of adiponectin in experimental group increased significantly (<em>P</em>=0.001) while the levels of hs-CRP decreased (<em>P</em>=0.001). It seems that due to anti-inflammatory effects, combined station training with high intensity may be an effective therapy to prevent and improve risk factors for chronic obesity-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc. in sedentary overweight young women. <br /> <br />The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of combined station training on the adiponectin and hs-CRP in overweight women. 22 overweight women (mean ± SD, age 26.04±4.43 years; weight 73.10±6.56 kg; body mass index 29.35±2.53) were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into control (<em>n</em>=11) and combined station training (<em>n</em>=11) groups. The subjects of combined station training practiced for 8 weeks, 4 sessions per week with an intensity of 70–90% MHR. Blood samples were collected in a fasting state before practice and 48 hours after the last training session. ELISA was used to measure hormonal variables. For data analysis, ANCOVA analysis was used. After 8 weeks of combined station training, the levels of adiponectin in experimental group increased significantly (<em>P</em>=0.001) while the levels of hs-CRP decreased (<em>P</em>=0.001). It seems that due to anti-inflammatory effects, combined station training with high intensity may be an effective therapy to prevent and improve risk factors for chronic obesity-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc. in sedentary overweight young women.University of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-93258320161022The Effect of 8 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Serum Adiponectin Levels and Insulin Resistance of Women with Type 2 DiabetesThe Effect of 8 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Serum Adiponectin Levels and Insulin Resistance of Women with Type 2 Diabetes4114255950710.22059/jsb.2016.59507FABahramAbedi0000-0002-6858-5469ElhamOghovatJournal Article20160101 <br />Diabetes is a metabolic disorder specified by hyperglycemia following a defect in insulin secretion, insulin resistance or both. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum adiponectin levels and insulin resistance of women with type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, 35 overweight women with type 2 diabetes (age range 45-60 years, BMI 25-30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) voluntarily participated in this study and were assigned to the HIIT training group (<em>n</em>=17) and control group (<em>n</em>=18). The HIIT group conducted their training on an ergometer for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, 4-6 30-second repetitions with highest effort and 250% intensity with 4-min. rest intervals). The results of dependent t test showed a significant decrease in the mean scores of pretest and posttest of insulin resistance and body fat percentage in HIIT group and a significant increase in mean scores of serum adiponectin levels and maximal oxygen uptake (<em>P</em><0.05). The analysis of covariance showed significant differences between training and control groups in levels of adiponectin (<em>F</em>=3.21, <em>P</em>=0.026), insulin resistance (<em>F</em>=5.28, <em>P</em>=0.007) and fat percentage (<em>F</em>=2.60, <em>P</em>=0.041). Weight and body mass index of participants did not change significantly (<em>P</em>>0.05). It may be noted that 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with no changes in weight and body mass index could have positive effects on insulin resistance, fat percentage and adiponectin levels in women with type 2 diabetes. <br />Diabetes is a metabolic disorder specified by hyperglycemia following a defect in insulin secretion, insulin resistance or both. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum adiponectin levels and insulin resistance of women with type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, 35 overweight women with type 2 diabetes (age range 45-60 years, BMI 25-30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) voluntarily participated in this study and were assigned to the HIIT training group (<em>n</em>=17) and control group (<em>n</em>=18). The HIIT group conducted their training on an ergometer for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, 4-6 30-second repetitions with highest effort and 250% intensity with 4-min. rest intervals). The results of dependent t test showed a significant decrease in the mean scores of pretest and posttest of insulin resistance and body fat percentage in HIIT group and a significant increase in mean scores of serum adiponectin levels and maximal oxygen uptake (<em>P</em><0.05). The analysis of covariance showed significant differences between training and control groups in levels of adiponectin (<em>F</em>=3.21, <em>P</em>=0.026), insulin resistance (<em>F</em>=5.28, <em>P</em>=0.007) and fat percentage (<em>F</em>=2.60, <em>P</em>=0.041). Weight and body mass index of participants did not change significantly (<em>P</em>>0.05). It may be noted that 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with no changes in weight and body mass index could have positive effects on insulin resistance, fat percentage and adiponectin levels in women with type 2 diabetes.University of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-93258320161022The Effect of a Change in Concurrent Endurance and Strength Training Sequence on Aerobic Power and Body CompositionThe Effect of a Change in Concurrent Endurance and Strength Training Sequence on Aerobic Power and Body Composition4274455950810.22059/jsb.2016.59508FASyed Mohamad SadeghHashemiGuilan UniversityRaminShabaniislamic azad university of rashtJournal Article20141115
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a change in the sequence of concurrent endurance and strength training on aerobic power and body composition of active men. 30 men (mean age 25.8 ± 3.50 years) with endurance and strength training history were divided into these groups: endurance training before strength training (ES, <em>n</em>=10), strength training before endurance training (SE, <em>n</em>=10) and no training (control) (C, <em>n</em>=10). Subjects trained for 5 weeks. Strength training protocol was divided into 3 days a week (3 sets, 70-85% 1RM). The endurance training protocol included 3-5 times intermittent running with minimum speed through which the subject reached maximal oxygen consumption (vVO<sub>2</sub>max). The duration of each running was equal to 50% of time to exhaustion (Tlim) in vVO<sub>2</sub>max speed. VO<sub>2</sub>max, Tlim and BF% were measured before and after the training and the results were compared. VO<sub>2</sub>max and Tlim significantly increased in both training groups (<em>P</em><0.05) but the difference of increased VO<sub>2</sub>max was not significant between the two groups (<em>P</em>>0.05). BF% decrease was significant in both groups. Also, there was a significant difference in decreased BF% between the two groups (<em>P</em><0.05). The results suggested that ES training program induced more decrease in BF% whereas both ES and SE training programs produced similar improvements in VO<sub>2</sub>max.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a change in the sequence of concurrent endurance and strength training on aerobic power and body composition of active men. 30 men (mean age 25.8 ± 3.50 years) with endurance and strength training history were divided into these groups: endurance training before strength training (ES, <em>n</em>=10), strength training before endurance training (SE, <em>n</em>=10) and no training (control) (C, <em>n</em>=10). Subjects trained for 5 weeks. Strength training protocol was divided into 3 days a week (3 sets, 70-85% 1RM). The endurance training protocol included 3-5 times intermittent running with minimum speed through which the subject reached maximal oxygen consumption (vVO<sub>2</sub>max). The duration of each running was equal to 50% of time to exhaustion (Tlim) in vVO<sub>2</sub>max speed. VO<sub>2</sub>max, Tlim and BF% were measured before and after the training and the results were compared. VO<sub>2</sub>max and Tlim significantly increased in both training groups (<em>P</em><0.05) but the difference of increased VO<sub>2</sub>max was not significant between the two groups (<em>P</em>>0.05). BF% decrease was significant in both groups. Also, there was a significant difference in decreased BF% between the two groups (<em>P</em><0.05). The results suggested that ES training program induced more decrease in BF% whereas both ES and SE training programs produced similar improvements in VO<sub>2</sub>max.