University of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-932513220210823The Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Training and Supplementation of Saffron with Two Weeks of Detraining on Some of the Indicators Associated with Diabetes in Obese Women with Type 2 DiabetesThe Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Training and Supplementation of Saffron with Two Weeks of Detraining on Some of the Indicators Associated with Diabetes in Obese Women with Type 2 Diabetes1251488382010.22059/jsb.2018.231923.1172FAAliRajabiExercise Physiology, Psychology, Ardebil mohaghagh ardabili, ardabili0000-0002-2626-5846MarefatSiahkouhianExercise Physiology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabili0000-0002-8536-3198AliAkbarnejadPhysical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Tehran University, Tehran0000-0003-0154-351XJournal Article20170426The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and supplementation of saffron with two weeks of detraining on some of the indicators associated with diabetes in obese women with type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, 48 type 2 diabetic obese women were randomly divided into four equal groups (Training, Supplement, Supplements+Training, placebo). The Training, Supplements+Training groups performed aerobic training with intensity of 60-75% of maximal heart rate for 8 weeks (three sessions per week). Daily dose of 400 mg of Saffron sprout powder (once a day) was used for two months. The placebo contained 400 mg of wheat flour. Blood sampling was done after 12 hours of fasting. Adiponectin, resinsin, insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR variables were tested. Data analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk test, variance analysis with repeated measures, Bonferron's post hoc test, and one way analysis of variance with LSD post-test. Eight weeks of aerobic training and supplement consumption alone have a significant effect on the indicators related to type 2 diabetes. However, oral consumption of supplement with aerobic exercise has more effects on controlling these indices.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and supplementation of saffron with two weeks of detraining on some of the indicators associated with diabetes in obese women with type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, 48 type 2 diabetic obese women were randomly divided into four equal groups (Training, Supplement, Supplements+Training, placebo). The Training, Supplements+Training groups performed aerobic training with intensity of 60-75% of maximal heart rate for 8 weeks (three sessions per week). Daily dose of 400 mg of Saffron sprout powder (once a day) was used for two months. The placebo contained 400 mg of wheat flour. Blood sampling was done after 12 hours of fasting. Adiponectin, resinsin, insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR variables were tested. Data analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk test, variance analysis with repeated measures, Bonferron's post hoc test, and one way analysis of variance with LSD post-test. Eight weeks of aerobic training and supplement consumption alone have a significant effect on the indicators related to type 2 diabetes. However, oral consumption of supplement with aerobic exercise has more effects on controlling these indices.https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_83820_a613e2d6756fbd6eda6b856c2a6b16ae.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-932513220210823High- intensity Interval Training Improved left Ventricular Function in Post myocardial Infarction RatsHigh- intensity Interval Training Improved left Ventricular Function in Post myocardial Infarction Rats1491668382110.22059/jsb.2017.240519.1201FAAlirezaGhardashi AfousiDepartment of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of physical education and sport science, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAbbasaliGaeiniDepartment of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-8679-0669MohammadrezaKordiDepartment of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7917-5529NahidAboutalebDepartment of physiology, Medical faculty, Medical university of Iran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20170827Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most important ischemic cardiopathy which causes of mortality and morbidity throughout worldwide. Myocardial remodeling Following MI is associated with decreased contractile function and impairment to systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle. Generally, it is accepted that exercise training improves cardiac function after MI. The aim of this study was to investigation the effect of high- intensity interval training (HIIT) on structural and functional in post- MI rats. <br />Methods and materials: Adult male Wistar rats (n = 32) were randomly divided into 4 groups of ischemia/ reperfusion control (MI-CTL), ischemia/reperfusion HIIT exercise (MI-HIIT), HIIT exercises/healthy rats (HIIT) and SHAM-operated groups. MI modeling was induced by the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation. HIIT training started 4 weeks after LAD ligation. Rats ran on treadmill 40 min, 3 days a week for 8 weeks.<br />Results: The results showed that, there was a significance increase in exercise capacity and cardiac function indices (ejection fraction and fractional shortening) in MI-HIIT group compared to MI-CTL group (p < 0.05). HIIT significantly decreased ventricular dilation and infarct size in comparison with MI-CTL group (p < 0.05). While, there were no significant difference in serum level of cTnI, CK-MB in among groups.<br />Conclusion: HIIT led to improvement in ventricular contractile function and decrease in pathologic remodeling following MI.Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most important ischemic cardiopathy which causes of mortality and morbidity throughout worldwide. Myocardial remodeling Following MI is associated with decreased contractile function and impairment to systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle. Generally, it is accepted that exercise training improves cardiac function after MI. The aim of this study was to investigation the effect of high- intensity interval training (HIIT) on structural and functional in post- MI rats. <br />Methods and materials: Adult male Wistar rats (n = 32) were randomly divided into 4 groups of ischemia/ reperfusion control (MI-CTL), ischemia/reperfusion HIIT exercise (MI-HIIT), HIIT exercises/healthy rats (HIIT) and SHAM-operated groups. MI modeling was induced by the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation. HIIT training started 4 weeks after LAD ligation. Rats ran on treadmill 40 min, 3 days a week for 8 weeks.<br />Results: The results showed that, there was a significance increase in exercise capacity and cardiac function indices (ejection fraction and fractional shortening) in MI-HIIT group compared to MI-CTL group (p < 0.05). HIIT significantly decreased ventricular dilation and infarct size in comparison with MI-CTL group (p < 0.05). While, there were no significant difference in serum level of cTnI, CK-MB in among groups.<br />Conclusion: HIIT led to improvement in ventricular contractile function and decrease in pathologic remodeling following MI.https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_83821_b905d44a3f8383abd5c1e225c890ac8a.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-932513220210823The Effect of 8 weeks High Intensity Interval Training on Serum levels of Asprosin, Insulin and Insulin Resistance Index in
Diabetic RatsThe Effect of 8 weeks High Intensity Interval Training on Serum levels of Asprosin, Insulin and Insulin Resistance Index in
Diabetic Rats1671778382210.22059/jsb.2018.258182.1275FAHosseinPiraniSport Physiology, Physical Education, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-3737-4498SiroosChoobineSport Physiology, Physical Education, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-4466-0986AmirRashid LamirSport Physiology, Physical Education, Ferdosi University, Mashhad, Iran.0000-0001-6180-8554MahdiRoostaeiSport Physiology, Physical Education, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-1329-643XJournal Article20180518Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for heart disease and has a major contribution in mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. In diabetics people, high levels of glucose is a very important issue that should be controlled. In the present study, the effect of 8-week HIIT was investigated on Serum levels of Asprosin, insulin, and insulin resistance index in diabetic rats. In this Investigation, A total of 32 male Wistar rats (mean weight, 180/23±7gr) were randomly divided into four groups of Healthy control (N=8), diabetic control (N= 8), Healthy training (N= 8) and Diabetic training (N= 8). The training group performed a 8-week High Intensity Interval Training, and 48 hours after the end of the last training session, the rats were anesthetized and euthanized. The variables of interest (Serum Levels of Asprosin, level of glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance index), were measured. Data analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis at significance level of p≤0.05.<br />There was a significant difference among Asprosin (p>0/001), level of glucose (p>0/001), insulin (p>0/026), and Insulin Resistance Index (p>0/001) between the Healthy control Group, diabetic control Group, Healthy training Group and Diabetic training Group. According to the results of the present study, it seems that High Interval Intensity Training is an important strategy to decrease Asprosin, plasma glucose and Insulin resistance index in diabetics rat and it can be considered as an effective intervention method for treatment diabetes.Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for heart disease and has a major contribution in mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. In diabetics people, high levels of glucose is a very important issue that should be controlled. In the present study, the effect of 8-week HIIT was investigated on Serum levels of Asprosin, insulin, and insulin resistance index in diabetic rats. In this Investigation, A total of 32 male Wistar rats (mean weight, 180/23±7gr) were randomly divided into four groups of Healthy control (N=8), diabetic control (N= 8), Healthy training (N= 8) and Diabetic training (N= 8). The training group performed a 8-week High Intensity Interval Training, and 48 hours after the end of the last training session, the rats were anesthetized and euthanized. The variables of interest (Serum Levels of Asprosin, level of glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance index), were measured. Data analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis at significance level of p≤0.05.<br />There was a significant difference among Asprosin (p>0/001), level of glucose (p>0/001), insulin (p>0/026), and Insulin Resistance Index (p>0/001) between the Healthy control Group, diabetic control Group, Healthy training Group and Diabetic training Group. According to the results of the present study, it seems that High Interval Intensity Training is an important strategy to decrease Asprosin, plasma glucose and Insulin resistance index in diabetics rat and it can be considered as an effective intervention method for treatment diabetes.https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_83822_542cc826f7a71ba183e7729b52f50446.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-932513220210823The Effects of HIIT and Curcumin Supplementation on CD31+ Capillary Cell Count and the Expression of VEGF and MMP9 of Left Ventricle in Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Infraction Model RatsThe Effects of HIIT and Curcumin Supplementation on CD31+ Capillary Cell Count and the Expression of VEGF and MMP9 of Left Ventricle in Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Infraction Model Rats1791948103610.22059/jsb.2021.314284.1448FAFaridehAlabaf YousefiPhD Student of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-8120-2100RoghayehPouzesh JadidiAssistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran0000-0001-8056-8293JabbarBashiriAssociate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-4565-7052KarimAzali Alamdari. Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-6134-1912JavadVakiliAssociate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20201128The effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and curcumin supplementation on CD31+ capillary cell count and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in left ventricle (LV) of male rats in the model of myocardial infraction were determined in this study. 40 male rats were divided into four groups: HIIT, curcumin, concomitant (HIIT+CUR) and control following isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction. Curcumin was administered through oral gavage as 15 mg/kg<sub>bw</sub>/day. HIIT was performed for 8 weeks, 5 sessions a week and included 60 minutes of interval running (4 min. of running with the intensity of 85-90% of VO2max and 2 min. of active recovery with the intensity of 50-60%). The results showed that HIIT in both HIIT and concomitant groups significantly increased LV VEGF protein expression (P=0.001) while no effect was noted for curcumin (P>0.05). Only curcumin significantly reduced (P=0.001) LV MMP9 protein expression (in both curcumin and concomitant groups). All three interventions significantly increased LV CD31+ capillary cell count (P=0.001). A significantly greater effect was noted for HIIT than curcumin (P=0.001) and for concomitant than both HIIT and curcumin (P=0.001). The results showed that all three interventions including curcumin, HIIT and concomitant were involved in capillary proliferation following infraction; however, curcumin induced capillary growth seems to occur through paths independent of VEGF as well. But the exact function of MMP9 down-regulation induced by curcumin is still unclear and more research is required because of the study limitations.<br /> The effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and curcumin supplementation on CD31+ capillary cell count and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in left ventricle (LV) of male rats in the model of myocardial infraction were determined in this study. 40 male rats were divided into four groups: HIIT, curcumin, concomitant (HIIT+CUR) and control following isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction. Curcumin was administered through oral gavage as 15 mg/kg<sub>bw</sub>/day. HIIT was performed for 8 weeks, 5 sessions a week and included 60 minutes of interval running (4 min. of running with the intensity of 85-90% of VO2max and 2 min. of active recovery with the intensity of 50-60%). The results showed that HIIT in both HIIT and concomitant groups significantly increased LV VEGF protein expression (P=0.001) while no effect was noted for curcumin (P>0.05). Only curcumin significantly reduced (P=0.001) LV MMP9 protein expression (in both curcumin and concomitant groups). All three interventions significantly increased LV CD31+ capillary cell count (P=0.001). A significantly greater effect was noted for HIIT than curcumin (P=0.001) and for concomitant than both HIIT and curcumin (P=0.001). The results showed that all three interventions including curcumin, HIIT and concomitant were involved in capillary proliferation following infraction; however, curcumin induced capillary growth seems to occur through paths independent of VEGF as well. But the exact function of MMP9 down-regulation induced by curcumin is still unclear and more research is required because of the study limitations.<br /> https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_81036_f09a6bc044dc0b2e8c627a4bd9f9c320.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-932513220210823The Effect of Cold water Immersion on Exhaustion time, Serum Levels of Lactate and Electrolyte Indices of Untrained Men Following an Exhaustive Exercise in the Heat ConditionsThe Effect of Cold water Immersion on Exhaustion time, Serum Levels of Lactate and Electrolyte Indices of Untrained Men Following an Exhaustive Exercise in the Heat Conditions1952128103710.22059/jsb.2021.311971.1439FAAhmadRahmaniDepartment of sport sciences, Faculty of humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.AhmadValidiDepartment of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranAhmadAzadDepartment of Physical Education, Bandar Anzali Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Anzali, IranJournal Article20201219Warm and humid conditions are the main limiting factor in long-term activities. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pre-cooling (PC) on exhaustion time, plasma levels of lactate and, electrolytes status of untrained men following an exhaustive exercise in the heat conditions. The participants were 20 untrained male students aged 19 to 21, which were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (n=10). Core body temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, plasma lactate, and electrolytes were measured in three stages: at baseline, after warm-up and PC, and following the exhaustive test. The PC method consisted of immersion in the cold water (26 °C) for 10 minutes (ambient temperature 32-34 °C). The exhaustive exercise protocol included treadmill running (at 33 °C, 50% humidity) at the speed of 7 km/h, which gradually increased to 10 km/h up to exhaustion. The SPANOVA was used for data analysis; and the criterion of significance was set as p< 0.05. Exercise time to exhaustion was longer (p<0.0001) in the PC than in the control conditions. PC decreased oral (p=0.05) and skin (p<0.0001) temperatures and lactate level (p=0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in plasma K and Na concentration. In conclusion, the PC increases endurance performance in a hot environment through enhances heat storage, decreases lactate level and cardiovascular strain.Warm and humid conditions are the main limiting factor in long-term activities. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pre-cooling (PC) on exhaustion time, plasma levels of lactate and, electrolytes status of untrained men following an exhaustive exercise in the heat conditions. The participants were 20 untrained male students aged 19 to 21, which were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (n=10). Core body temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, plasma lactate, and electrolytes were measured in three stages: at baseline, after warm-up and PC, and following the exhaustive test. The PC method consisted of immersion in the cold water (26 °C) for 10 minutes (ambient temperature 32-34 °C). The exhaustive exercise protocol included treadmill running (at 33 °C, 50% humidity) at the speed of 7 km/h, which gradually increased to 10 km/h up to exhaustion. The SPANOVA was used for data analysis; and the criterion of significance was set as p< 0.05. Exercise time to exhaustion was longer (p<0.0001) in the PC than in the control conditions. PC decreased oral (p=0.05) and skin (p<0.0001) temperatures and lactate level (p=0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in plasma K and Na concentration. In conclusion, the PC increases endurance performance in a hot environment through enhances heat storage, decreases lactate level and cardiovascular strain.https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_81037_c8a827f9d834a8dbc2c414a8a9c77c35.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-932513220210823Evaluation of the Frequency of polymorphism rs1815739 (ACTN3) and rs8192678 (PPARGC1A) among Professional Male Soccer Players of Iranian Premier League: Case-Control StudyEvaluation of the Frequency of polymorphism rs1815739 (ACTN3) and rs8192678 (PPARGC1A) among Professional Male Soccer Players of Iranian Premier League: Case-Control Study2132268185410.22059/jsb.2021.316486.1451FASaadiAboubakriDepartment of Physical Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2471-0202RezaGhara KhanlouProfessor, Department of Physical Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranMahdiehMolanouri ShamsiAssociate Professor, Department of Physical Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20210123Background and purpose: Soccer is a complicated team sport in which performance, depends on physiological capabilities. Determining and addressing influential genetic factors can help an effective selecting process and guiding talented athletes and personalizing their exercises. This study aims to assess the potential importance of polymorphism of ACTN3, MCT1, PPARGC1A, ACSL1 and PPARA genes in professional soccer players in Iranian Pro League.<br />Methodology: In this research, 30 professional players of a soccer team in Iranian Pro League were studied. The control group includes 100 non-athlete men whose genomic DNA were extracted from their saliva. Genotype detection using PCR-RFLP method was conducted to identifying polymorphism in ACTM3, PPARGC1A, genes. Frequency of these two polymorphisms among soccer players and control group was determined by statistical test Chi Squared (χ2).<br />Results: Our statistical analysis show a significant difference in XX genotypic frequency in ACTN3 gene polymorphism between soccer players and control group (P = 0.022). Whereas, RR genotypic frequency show no significance difference between soccer players and control group (P = 0.058). Also, it was found that GG genotypic frequency in PPARGC1A gene polymorphism is statistically significant (P = 0.023). (In all genotypes P > 0.05).<br />Conclusion: The results showed that the rs8192678 polymorphism of PPARGC1A gene, can probably be a genetic marker for detecting and discovering talented people in the Iranian populations. In addition, regarding to the literatures, polymorph of ACTN3, individually or in combination, can be considered as a marker gene in soccer.Background and purpose: Soccer is a complicated team sport in which performance, depends on physiological capabilities. Determining and addressing influential genetic factors can help an effective selecting process and guiding talented athletes and personalizing their exercises. This study aims to assess the potential importance of polymorphism of ACTN3, MCT1, PPARGC1A, ACSL1 and PPARA genes in professional soccer players in Iranian Pro League.<br />Methodology: In this research, 30 professional players of a soccer team in Iranian Pro League were studied. The control group includes 100 non-athlete men whose genomic DNA were extracted from their saliva. Genotype detection using PCR-RFLP method was conducted to identifying polymorphism in ACTM3, PPARGC1A, genes. Frequency of these two polymorphisms among soccer players and control group was determined by statistical test Chi Squared (χ2).<br />Results: Our statistical analysis show a significant difference in XX genotypic frequency in ACTN3 gene polymorphism between soccer players and control group (P = 0.022). Whereas, RR genotypic frequency show no significance difference between soccer players and control group (P = 0.058). Also, it was found that GG genotypic frequency in PPARGC1A gene polymorphism is statistically significant (P = 0.023). (In all genotypes P > 0.05).<br />Conclusion: The results showed that the rs8192678 polymorphism of PPARGC1A gene, can probably be a genetic marker for detecting and discovering talented people in the Iranian populations. In addition, regarding to the literatures, polymorph of ACTN3, individually or in combination, can be considered as a marker gene in soccer.https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_81854_304d7b4673a2b7095c7e6f7b1c07c409.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-932513220210823The effect of two types of respiratory masks during exhaustive activity in corona pandemic on physiological and electrocardiography markers in middle-aged womenThe effect of two types of respiratory masks during exhaustive activity in corona pandemic on physiological and electrocardiography markers in middle-aged women2272438250510.22059/jsb.2021.321478.1463FAFourozanZahedmaneshPh.D student in Exercise Physiology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.KhadijehNasiriAssistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Physical Education Faculty, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.0000-0001-5695-3183ValiollahDabidi RoshanDepartment of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University, of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.0000-0002-2202-7349Journal Article20210419Background and aim: Current study aim was to examine the effects of wearing surgical and N95 facemasks on response of the physiological and electrocardiography markers include; QRS complex, QT interval, ST depression and P amplitude during exhaustive maximal exercise in middle-aged women. <br />Methods; In a semi- experimental protocol, 36 healthy volunteers females (mean age and BMI of 30.3 ± 3.9 years and 22.47 ± 3.1 kg/m2, respectively) randomly allocated to three groups of 12 peoples consist to; Max-N95 mask, Max-Surgical mask, and Max-Nomask). Subjects in the aforesaid groups performed a maximal Bruce protocol, while wearing a surgical mask, an N95 mask and without a mask, respectively. Physiological and electrocardiography parameters and time to exhaustion were compared. Data was analyzed to one-way ANOVA at P≤ 0.05 level.<br />Result: Maximal exercising with N95 mask was associated with a significant decrease in QTc interval levels, as compared to Max-Surgical mask (P<0.05) and Max-Nomask (P<0.027) groups. Although, the intergroup differences increase in heart rate and QRS following Bruce protocol were not differ significantly, very nearly significant level (P value was 0.073 and 0.075, respectively). <br />Conclusion: In healthy subjects, supervised maximal physical activity, particularly with a surgical mask is feasible, safe, and associated with only minor changes in ECG and physiological parameters, specifically a mild decrease in QTc. Future studies should examine impact of physical activity with various intensities, while using any mask in aged persons and or suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases.Background and aim: Current study aim was to examine the effects of wearing surgical and N95 facemasks on response of the physiological and electrocardiography markers include; QRS complex, QT interval, ST depression and P amplitude during exhaustive maximal exercise in middle-aged women. <br />Methods; In a semi- experimental protocol, 36 healthy volunteers females (mean age and BMI of 30.3 ± 3.9 years and 22.47 ± 3.1 kg/m2, respectively) randomly allocated to three groups of 12 peoples consist to; Max-N95 mask, Max-Surgical mask, and Max-Nomask). Subjects in the aforesaid groups performed a maximal Bruce protocol, while wearing a surgical mask, an N95 mask and without a mask, respectively. Physiological and electrocardiography parameters and time to exhaustion were compared. Data was analyzed to one-way ANOVA at P≤ 0.05 level.<br />Result: Maximal exercising with N95 mask was associated with a significant decrease in QTc interval levels, as compared to Max-Surgical mask (P<0.05) and Max-Nomask (P<0.027) groups. Although, the intergroup differences increase in heart rate and QRS following Bruce protocol were not differ significantly, very nearly significant level (P value was 0.073 and 0.075, respectively). <br />Conclusion: In healthy subjects, supervised maximal physical activity, particularly with a surgical mask is feasible, safe, and associated with only minor changes in ECG and physiological parameters, specifically a mild decrease in QTc. Future studies should examine impact of physical activity with various intensities, while using any mask in aged persons and or suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases.https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_82505_0da58a162442132c225cd9775c050958.pdfUniversity of TehranJournal of Sport Biosciences2008-932513220210823The Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training and Coenzyme Q10 Supplement on Interleukin 4 and 10 Levels and Functional Indices of Skilled Softball PlayersThe Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training and Coenzyme Q10 Supplement on Interleukin 4 and 10 Levels and Functional Indices of Skilled Softball Players2452658298310.22059/jsb.2021.308493.1423FAAtiyehSoleymaniisfahanFarzanehTaghian. Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20200818Aim: The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and coenzyme Q10 supplement on interleukin 4 and 10 levels and functional indices of skilled softball players.<br />Methodology: Twenty females Softball players from Isfahan were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups of 10 players (experimental group; Q10 + resistance training) and (control group; placebo + resistance training). The intervention consisted of eight weeks of Q10 supplementation (a 200 mg capsule) and 2 sessions per week of resistance training along with specialized softball exercises. Before and after the 8-week intervention, agility, speed, vertical jump, sit-ups, and hand-grip power were evaluated, as well as the blood sampling was obtained from athletes<br />Results: Speed (P = 0.04 experimental; P = 0.02 control), agility (P = 0.03 experimental; P = 0.03 control), hand-grip power (P = 0.009 experimental; P = 0.01 control), sit-ups (P = 0.001 experimental; P = 0.003 control) and lactate dehydrogenase levels (P = 0.03 experimental; P = 0.03 control) significantly improved in both groups; however, Sargent's jump (P = 0.10 experimental; P = 0.89 control), creatine kinase (P = 0.67 experimental; P = 0.66 control), interleukin-4 (P = 0.32 experimental; P = 0.33 control) and interleukin-10 (P = 0.97 experimental; P = 0.08 control) did not alter in either group. <br />Conclusion: It appears that resistance training with Q10 supplementation along with specialized softball exercises is useful in developing some functional variables, especially abdominal endurance.Aim: The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and coenzyme Q10 supplement on interleukin 4 and 10 levels and functional indices of skilled softball players.<br />Methodology: Twenty females Softball players from Isfahan were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups of 10 players (experimental group; Q10 + resistance training) and (control group; placebo + resistance training). The intervention consisted of eight weeks of Q10 supplementation (a 200 mg capsule) and 2 sessions per week of resistance training along with specialized softball exercises. Before and after the 8-week intervention, agility, speed, vertical jump, sit-ups, and hand-grip power were evaluated, as well as the blood sampling was obtained from athletes<br />Results: Speed (P = 0.04 experimental; P = 0.02 control), agility (P = 0.03 experimental; P = 0.03 control), hand-grip power (P = 0.009 experimental; P = 0.01 control), sit-ups (P = 0.001 experimental; P = 0.003 control) and lactate dehydrogenase levels (P = 0.03 experimental; P = 0.03 control) significantly improved in both groups; however, Sargent's jump (P = 0.10 experimental; P = 0.89 control), creatine kinase (P = 0.67 experimental; P = 0.66 control), interleukin-4 (P = 0.32 experimental; P = 0.33 control) and interleukin-10 (P = 0.97 experimental; P = 0.08 control) did not alter in either group. <br />Conclusion: It appears that resistance training with Q10 supplementation along with specialized softball exercises is useful in developing some functional variables, especially abdominal endurance.https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_82983_794a7355eec17bf6551cf18ab1fcbd7f.pdf