ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Endurance Training on Some Metabolic Parameters of Nicotinamide and Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of endurance training on some metabolic parameters of Nicotinamide and Streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. After the induction of diabetes (injection of Nicotinamide and Streptozotocin), 24 non-obese adult male rats were divided into 3 groups: non-diabetic (n=8), trained diabetic (n=8) and control diabetic (n=8). 4 weeks after the development of diabetes, the trained diabetic group ran on a treadmill for 4 weeks. At the end of the training, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed to determine insulin sensitivity. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated. Independent t test and two-way ANOVA were used to analyze data. Results indicated that during 4 weeks of diabetes induction, an insignificant difference was found in body weight, food intake and fasting plasma insulin level between diabetic and non-diabetic groups, but fasting and non-fasting blood glucose level significantly increased in diabetic group compared with non-diabetic group. After 4 weeks of training, an insignificant difference was found in body weight and food intake among non-diabetic, trained diabetic and control diabetic groups, but training significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose level and HOMA-IR and significantly increased fasting plasma insulin and glucose tolerance in trained diabetic group compared with control diabetic group. Therefore, it appears that 4 weeks of endurance training had beneficial effects on some metabolic parameters of type 2 diabetic rats.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_66071_fc13ca44ba27130b8e8c10404dd9636e.pdf
2017-12-22
457
471
10.22059/jsb.2018.66071
aerobic exercise
Glucose tolerance test
hyperglycemia
Nicotinamide
Streptozotocin
Fahimieh
Kazemi
kazemi.fahimeh@yahoo.de
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Are PC, Reddy Adidala RR, Puchchakayala G. Hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activity of glochidion velutinum on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Eur J Biol Sci. 2011;3(4):126-130.
1
Chang HP, Yao HT, Chiang MT. Effects of high and low molecular weight chitosan on plasma cholesterol, glucose and adipocytokines in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin and nicotinamide. JFDA. 2012;20(3):661-667.
2
Chou TW, Ma CY, Cheng HH, Chen YY, Lai MH. A riceobran oil diet improves lipid abnormalities and suppress hyperinsulinemic responses in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2009;45(1):29-36.
3
Masiello P, Broca C, Gross R, Roye M, Manteghetti M, Hillaire-Buys D, Novelli M, Ribes G. Experimental NIDDM: development of a new model in adult rats administered streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Diabetes. 1998;47(2):224-229.
4
Cisse O, Fajardy I, Dickes-Coopman A, Moitrot E, Montel V, Deloof S, Rousseaux J, Vieau D, Laborie C. Mild gestational hyperglycemia in rat induces fetal overgrowth and modulates placental growth factors and nutrient transporters expression. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e64251.
5
Devarshi PP, Jangale NM, Ghule AE, Bodhankar SL, Harsulkar AM. Beneficial effects of flaxseed oil and fish oil diet are through modulation of different hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Genes Nutr. 2013;8(3):329-342.
6
Hammadi SH, AL-Ghamdi SS, Yassien AI, AL-Hassani SD. Aspirin and blood glucose and insulin resistance. OJEMD. 2002; 2(2):16-26.
7
Hansen D, Dendale P, Jonkers RA, Beelen M, Manders RJ, Corluy L, Mullens A, Berger J, Meeusen R, van Loon LJ. Continuous low- to moderate-intensity exercise training is as effective as moderate- to high-intensity exercise training at lowering blood HbA1c in obese type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetologia. 2009;52:1789-1797.
8
Király MA, Bates HE, Yue JT, Goche-Montes D, Fediuc S, Park E, Matthews SG, Vranic M, Riddell MC. Attenuation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the male Zucker diabetic fatty rat: the effects of stress and non-volitional exercise. Metabolism. 2007;56(6):732-744.
9
Kumar R, Patel DK, Prasad SK, Laloo D, Krishnamurthy S, Hemalatha S. Type 2 antidiabetic activity of bergenin from the roots of Caesalpinia digyna Rottler. Fitoterapia. 2012;83(2):395-401.
10
Li HT, Wu XD, Davey AK, Wang J. Antihyperglycemic effects of baicalin on streptozotocin – nicotinamide induced diabetic. Phytother Res. 2011; 25(2):189-194.
11
Lin GM, Li YH, Wen SH. Aerobic and resistance training for patients with type 2 diabetes. JAMA. 2011;305(9):891-892.
12
Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412-419.
13
Nakamura T, Terajima T, Ogata T, Ueno K, Hashimoto N, Ono K, Yano S. Establishment and pathophysiological characterization of type 2 diabetic mouse model produced by streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006;29(6):1167-1174.
14
Novelli M, Pocai A, Lajoix AD, Beffy P, Bezzi D, Marchetti P, Gross R, Masiello P. Alteration of β-cell constitutive NO synthase activity is involved in the abnormal insulin response to arginine in a new rat model of type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004;219(1-2):77-82.
15
Palsamy P and Subramanian S. Resveratrol, a natural phytoalexin, normalizes hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced experimental diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2008;62(9):598-605.
16
Patel TP, Soni S, Parikh P, Gosai J, Chruvattil R, Gupta S. Swertiamarin: an active lead from enicostemma littorale regulates hepatic and adipose tissue gene expression by targeting ppar-𝛾 and improves insulin sensitivity in experimental niddm rat model. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 2013:358673.
17
Pierre W, Gildas AJ, Ulrich MC, Modeste WN, Benoît NT, Albert K. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Bersama engleriana leaves in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12:264.
18
Rodrigues B, Figueroa D.M, Mostarda C.T, Heeren M.V, Irigoyen M.C, De Angelis K. Maximal exercise test is a useful method for physical capacity and oxygen consumption determination in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2007;6:38.
19
Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Boulé NG, Wells GA, Prud'homme D, Fortier M, Reid RD, Tulloch H, Coyle D, Phillips P, Jennings A, Jaffey J. Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:357-369.
20
Shirwaikar A, Rajendran K, Barik R. Effect of aqueous bark extract of Garuga pinnata Roxb. In streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type-II diabetes mellitus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;107(2):285-290.
21
Szkudelski T. Streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes in the rat. Characteristics of the experimental model. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2012;237(5):481-490.
22
Szkudelski T, Zywert A, Szkudelska K. Metabolic disturbances and defects in insulin secretion in rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes. Physiol Res. 2013;62(6):663-670.
23
Tahara A, Matsuyama-Yokono A, Nakano R, Someya Y, Shibasaki M. Hypoglycaemic effects of antidiabetic drugs in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced mildly diabetic and streptozotocin-induced severely diabetic rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2008;103(6):560-668.
24
Thomas DE, Elliott EJ, Naughton GA. Exercise for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(3):CD002968.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Comparison of Serum Serotonin Level and Some Physical Fitness Factors in Active Elderly
The aim of the present study was to compare the serum serotonin level and some physical fitness factors in the active elderly in Qom city. The sample comprised of male elderly over 60 years old in Qom city who were assigned to aerobic (n=15), weight training (n=15), zurkhaneh (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. In order to assess physical fitness, 4 factors including balance (single leg balance test), muscle endurance (swimming on hand), flexibility (Wells flexibility test) and power (Sargent jump) were studied. Blood serotonin was measured with ELISA test. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (P<0.05). The results showed that serum serotonin levels were higher in active groups than control group (P<0.05) but there were no significant differences in blood serotonin level among active groups (P>0.05). The level of physical fitness in active subjects was better than the control group. In addition, weight training group showed a higher level of fitness in balance and muscle endurance tests (P<0.05). With regard to the results, it can be noted that sport especially weight training can have a significant effect on increasing serum serotonin level and physical fitness in the elderly.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_66072_67e6c998c516346df02d5c1ce17cc79d.pdf
2017-12-22
473
487
10.22059/jsb.2018.66072
aerobic exercise
Elderly
physical fitness
resistance training
serotonin
zurkhaneh
Farnaz
Torabi
torabift@yahoo.com
1
Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Azar
Aghayari
dr.aghayari@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Daneshpour
mohammaddaneshpoormohammaddaneshpoor@gmail.com
3
MSc in Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Akram
Ramezankhani
4
PhD in Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport
AUTHOR
Harrefors C, Savenstedtm S, Axelsson K. Elderly people’s perceptions of how they want to be cared for: An interview study with healthy elderly couples in Northern Sweden. Scand J Caring. 2009;23(2):353-60.
1
Meek S, Murrell SA. Contribution of education to health and life satisfaction in older adults mediated by negative affect. J Ageing Health. 2001;13(1):92-119.
2
Gómez-Cabello A, Ara I, González-Agüero A, Casajús JA, Vicente-Rodríguez G. Effects of training on bone mass in older adults: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2012;42(4):301-25.
3
Legters K. Fear of falling. Phys Ther. 2002;82(3):2672-4.
4
Salminen M, Vahlberg T, Sihvonen S, Sjösten N, Piirtola M, Isoaho R, et al. Effects of risk-based multifactorial fall prevention on postural balance in the community-dwelling aged: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. 2009;48(1):22-7.
5
Martinikorena I, Martínez-Ramírez A, Gómez M, Lecumberri P, Casas-Herrero A, Cadore EL, et al. Gait variability related to muscle quality and muscle power output in frail nonagenarian older adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(2):162-7.
6
Taylor D. Physical activity is medicine for older adults. Postgrad Med J. 2014;90(1059):26-32.
7
Hosseini FS, Hossein zadeh R. Effect of physical activity on physical and mental health in elderly men. Journal of Health and Care. 2011;13(2):19-25. (In Persian)
8
Kell RT, Bell G, Quinney A. Musculoskeletal fitness, health outcomes and quality of life. ports Med. 2001;31(12):863-73.
9
Mortazavi SS, Mohammad K, Ardebili HE, Beni RD, Mahmoodi M, Keshteli AH. Mental disorder prevention and physical activity in Iranian elderly. Int J Prev Med. 2012;3(Suppl 1):S64-72.
10
Blair SN, Morris JN. Healthy hearts and the universal benefits of being physical activity and heath. Annals Epidemiology. 2009;19:253-6.
11
Eyigor S, Karapolat H, Durmaz B. Effects of a group-based exercise program on the physical performance, muscle strength and quality of life in older women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2007;45(3):259-71.
12
Santin-Medeiros F, Rey-López JP, Santos-Lozano A, Cristi-Montero CS, Garatachea Vallejo N. Effects of eight months of whole-body vibration training on the muscle mass and functional capacity of elderly women. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(7):1863-9.
13
Bali V, Chatterjee S, Johnson ML, Chen H, Carnahan RM, Aparasu RR. Comparative risk of hip fractures in elderly nursing home patients with depression using paroxetine and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Comp Eff Res. 2016;5(5):461-73.
14
Barclay TH, Richards S, Schoffstall J, Magnuson CH, McPhee CH, Price J, et al. A pilot study on the effects of exercise on depression symptoms using levels of neurotransmitters and EEG as markers. Eur J Psychol Educ Studies. 2014;1(1):30-5.
15
Hassan EA, Amin MA. Pilates exercises influence on the serotonin hormone, some physical variables and the depression degree in battered women. World Journal of Sport Sciences. 2011;5(2):89-100.
16
Melancon MO, Lorrain D, Dionne IJ. Changes in markers of brain serotonin activity in response to chronic exercise in senior men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014;39(11):1250-6.
17
Cho SH, Kim JW, Kim SR, Cho BJ. Effects of horseback riding exercise therapy on hormone levels in elderly persons. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(7):2271-3.
18
Catalan-Matamoros D, Gomez-Conesa A, Stubbs B, Vancampfort D. Exercise improves depressive symptoms in older adults: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Psychiatry Res. 2016;244:202-9.
19
Overdorf V, Kollia B, Makarec K, Alleva Szeles C. The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms in Healthy Older Women. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2016;2:1-8.
20
Steinmo S, Hagger-Johnson G, Shahab L. Bidirectional association between mental health and physical activity in older adults: Whitehall II prospective cohort study. Prev Med. 2014;74-9.
21
Kloubec JA. Pilates for improvement of muscle endurance, flexibility, balance, and posture. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2010;24(3):661-7.
22
Netz Y, Wu MJ, Becker BJ, Tenenbaum G. Physical activity and psychological well-being in advanced age: a meta-analysis of intervention studies. Psychology and Aging. 2005;20(2):272-84.
23
Safaeishakib S, Farahpour N, Nazem F. The effect of eight weeks strength training on serum levels of adiponectin and cholesterol of 16-18 years old boys. Quarterly Journal of Sport Bioscience Researches. 2014;3(12):49-57. (In Persian)
24
Norasteh AA, Mohebbi H, Shah Heidari S. Comparison of static and dynamic balance in different athletes. Journal of Sport Medicine. 2011;2(2):5-22. (In Persian)
25
Tofighi A, Nozad Gajin J. Effect of aerobic exercise on general health and serotonin levels of Inactive Veterans. Research in Sport Medicine and Technology. 2013;0(5):75-84. (In Persian)
26
Valipour dehnou V, Mansournejad H, Gharakhanlou R, Sharafi F. Response of strength, power and muscle endurance to resistance training with different rest intervals. Journal of Sport Biosciences. 2015;7(1):77-91. (In Persian)
27
Daly RM, Ahlborg HG, Ringsberg K, Gardsell P, Sernbo I, Karlsson MK. Association between changes in habitual physical activity and changes in bone density, muscle strength, and functional performance in elderly men and women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2008;56(12):2252-60.
28
Daniel F, Vale R, Giani T, Bacellar S, Dantas E. Effects of a physical activity program on static balance and functional autonomy in elderly women. Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2010;3(1):21-6.
29
Brauer SG, Neros C, Woollacott M. Balance control in the elderly: do Masters athletes show more efficient balance responses than healthy older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2008;20(5):406-11.
30
Aslan D, Ozcebe H, Temel F, Takmaz S, Topatan S, Sahin A, et al. What influences physical activity among Turk elders. A Turkish experience from Ankara. Archives of Gerontology and Gerardo's. 2008;46:79-88.
31
Gardner MM, Robertson MC, Campbell AJ. Exercise in preventing falls and fall related injuries in older people: a review of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med. 2000;34(1):7-17.
32
Means KM, O'Sullivan PS, Rodell DE. Psychosocial effects of an exercise program in older persons who fall. Journal of rehabilitation research and development. 2003;40(1):49-58.
33
Silsupadol P, Shumway-Cook A, Lugade V, van Donkelaar P, Chou LS, Mayr U, et al. Effects of single-task versus dual-task training on balance performance in older adults: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2009;90(3):381-7.
34
Solberg PA, Kyamme NH, Raastad T, Ommundsen Y, Tomten SE, HAlvari H, et al. Effects of different types of exercise on muscle mass, strength, function and well-being in elderly. Sports and exercise medicine and health. 2011;13(1):112-25.
35
Heyrani A, Rahmani M, Aghdasi MT, Yazdanbakhsh K. The effect of Pilates training on motor performance inactive elderly men. Research in Motor Behavior. 2014;1(1):49-65. (In Persian)
36
Cromwell RL, Meyers PM, Meyers PE, Newton RA. Tae Kwon Do: an effective exercise for improving balance and walking ability in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62(6):641-6.
37
Bird ML, Hill K, Ball M, Williams AD. Effects of resistance-and flexibility-exercise interventions on balance and related measures in older adults. Journal of aging and physical activity. 2009;17(4):445-54.
38
Henwood TR, Riek S, Taaffe DR. Strength versus muscle power-specific resistance training in community-dwelling older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63:83-91.
39
Marsh AP, Shea MK, Vance Locke RM, Miller ME, Isom S, Miller GD, et al. Resistance training and pioglitazone lead to improvements in muscle power during voluntary weight loss in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013;68(7):828-36.
40
Pereira A, Izquierdo M, Silva AJ, Costa AM, Bastos E, González-Badillo JJ, et al. Effects of high-speed power training on functional capacity and muscle performance in older women. Exp Gerontol. 2012;47(3):250-5.
41
Lee HC, Lee ML, Kim SR. Effect of exercise performance by elderly women on balance ability and muscle function. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(4):989-92.
42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pre-Treatment Effect of Voluntary Physical Activity on Cardiac Damage due to the Induction of Cumulative Doses of Doxorubicin in Aging Model Rats: Histopathological Examination of Heart Tissue
Reducing the effects of anthracyclines-induced cardiac toxicity is an effective strategy for more survival of cancer patients. This study aimed at investigating the pre-treatment effect of voluntary physical activity on cardiac damage due to the induction of cumulative doses of doxorubicin in aging model rats. 24 male Wistar rats (12 weeks old) were randomly divided into 3 groups: saline (S), doxorubicin (D), and voluntary physical activity (DWR). Ageing was induced by daily injection of D-galactose (100 mg/kg) for 9 weeks. 6 weeks of voluntary physical activity was performed on a wheel running. In the last 15 days of physical activity and D-galactose injection, doxorubicin with a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg (or 1 mg/day) was injected. 48 hours after the end of physical activity and doxorubicin injection, the animals were euthanized and their left ventricles were severed for histological evaluation. The results showed that injection of doxorubicin insignificantly increased the apoptotic index and the ratio of heart weight to body weight while significantly decreased the ratio of fiber to the interstitial space (P<0.05). In addition, qualitative studies of the heart tissue revealed vacuolation, cell nucleus fragmentation, tissue structure cluttering, and cardiac fibers destruction. In contrast, voluntary physical activity before and during doxorubicin injection reduced these changes. Voluntary physical activity in combination with doxorubicin is an effective strategy to reduce doxorubicin-induced heart damage.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_66074_f088e68e21b12abb879e111ecd9665fb.pdf
2017-12-22
489
499
10.22059/jsb.2018.66074
Cardiac toxicity
doxorubicin
histological changes
voluntary physical activity
Ahmad
Parsaeifar
ahmad_parsa203@yahoo.com
1
Ph.D of Exercise Physiology department, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran
AUTHOR
Zohre
Mazaheri
z_mazaheri@modares.ac.ir
2
Assistant professor of anatomical sciences, Basic medical science research center, Histogenotechcompany, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
valeyollah
Dabidi Roshan
vdabidiroshan@yahoo.com
3
. Professor of Exercise Physiology department, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Arola OJ, Saraste A, Pulkki K, Kallajoki M, Parvinen M, and Voipio-Pulkki L-M. Acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity involves cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cancer research. 2000; 60: 1789-1792.
1
2. Ascensão A, Magalhães J, Soares JM, Ferreira R, Neuparth MJ, Marques F, Oliveira PJ, and Duarte JA. Moderate endurance training prevents doxorubicin-induced in vivo mitochondriopathy and reduces the development of cardiac apoptosis. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2005; 289: H722-H731.
2
3. Ashrafi J, and Roshan VD. Is short-term exercise a therapeutic tool for improvement of cardioprotection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity? An experimental controlled protocol in rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2012; 13: 4025-4030.
3
4. Ashrafi J, Roshan VD, and Mahjoub S. Cardioprotective effects of aerobic regular exercise against doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress in rat. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2012; 6: 2380-2388.
4
5 Cove-Smith L, Woodhouse N, Hargreaves A, Kirk J, Smith S, Price SA, Galvin M, Betts CJ, Brocklehurst S, and Backen A. An integrated characterization of serological, pathological, and functional events in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Toxicological Sciences. 2014; 140: 3-15.
5
6. Garber JC, Barbee RW, Bielitzki JT, Clayton L, Donovan J, Hendriksen C, Kohn D, Lipman N, Locke P, and Melcher J. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. The National Academic Press, Washington DC. 2011; 8: 220.
6
7. Hydock DS, Lien C-Y, Jensen BT, Parry TL, Schneider CM, and Hayward R. Rehabilitative exercise in a rat model of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Experimental biology and medicine. 2012; 237: 1483-1492.
7
8. Hydock DS, Wonders KY, Schneider CM, and Hayward R. Voluntary wheel running in rats receiving doxorubicin: effects on running activity and cardiac myosin heavy chain. Anticancer research. 2009; 29: 4401-4407.
8
9. Kavazis AN, Smuder AJ, Min K, Tümer N, and Powers SK. Short-term exercise training protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiac mitochondrial damage independent of HSP72. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2010; 299: H1515-H1524.
9
10. Kavazis AN, Smuder AJ, and Powers SK. Effects of short-term endurance exercise training on acute doxorubicin-induced FoxO transcription in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Journal of applied physiology. 2014; 117: 223-230.
10
11. Kelleni MT, Amin EF, and Abdelrahman AM. Effect of metformin and sitagliptin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: impact of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Journal of toxicology. 2015; 2015: 1-8.
11
12. Ki Y-K, Kim G-Y, and Kim E-J. Effects of cardiac biological activities on low-intensity physical training in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity rat models. Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science. 2014; 3: 107-111.
12
13. Kirkham AA. Exercise cardio-protection from chemotherapy for breast cancer. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirments for the degree of doctor of philosophy. University of British Columbia. 2016; 17- 19.
13
14. Lee J, Cho J-Y, and Kim W-K. Anti-inflammation effect of Exercise and Korean red ginseng in aging model rats with diet-induced atherosclerosis. Nutrition research and practice. 2014; 8: 284-291.
14
15. Mohamed AA, Khalil S, Nossier NS, and Khalil MS. Protective role of alpha-Lipoic acid against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in male albino rats [a light and transmission electron microscopy study]. Egyptian Journal of Histology [The]. 2009; 227-234.
15
16. Octavia Y, Tocchetti CG, Gabrielson KL, Janssens S, Crijns HJ, and Moens AL. Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology. 2012; 52: 1213-1225.
16
17. Parsaeifar A, Dabidi Roshan V, and Mazaheri Z. Cardiopreotective effect of voluntary physical activity on changes of doxorubicin-induced cardiac myosin heavy chain expression in aging model rats. urmia medical journal. 2017; 27: 893-901.
17
18. Shirinbayan V, Roshan VD, and Mahjoub S. The Therapeutic Effect of Endurance Training on Adriamycin-induced Cardiac Stress in Rats. Iranian Journal of Health and Physical Activity. 2013; 4: 8-17.
18
19. Smuder AJ, Kavazis AN, Min K, and Powers SK. Doxorubicin-induced markers of myocardial autophagic signaling in sedentary and exercise trained animals. Journal of applied physiology. 2013; 115: 176-185.
19
20. Swamy AV, Gulliaya S, Thippeswamy A, Koti BC, and Manjula DV. Cardioprotective effect of curcumin against doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in albino rats. Indian journal of pharmacology. 2012; 44: 73.
20
21. Swamy AV, Wangikar U, Koti B, Thippeswamy A, Ronad P, and Manjula D. Cardioprotective effect of ascorbic acid on doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in rats. Indian journal of pharmacology. 2011; 43: 507.
21
22. van Waart H, Stuiver MM, van Harten WH, Geleijn E, Kieffer JM, Buffart LM, de Maaker-Berkhof M, Boven E, Schrama J, and Geenen MM. Effect of low-intensity physical activity and moderate-to high-intensity physical exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy on physical fitness, fatigue, and chemotherapy completion rates: results of the PACES randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2015; 33: 1918-1927.
22
23. White MC, Holman DM, Boehm JE, Peipins LA, Grossman M, and Henley SJ. Age and cancer risk: a potentially modifiable relationship. American journal of preventive medicine. 2014; 46: S7-S15.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise and Calorie Restriction on Intramuscular GLUT4 and DAG Levels in Obese Male Rats
Insulin resistance induced by a high fat diet has been associated with intramuscular lipid metabolites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise, diet restriction and their combination on insulin resistance through intramuscular diacylglycerol changes in obese male rats. Sample consisted of 56 male Wistar rats (mean weight: 194.5±12.6 g). 48 rats had a high-fat diet for 18 weeks and 8 rats had normal diet. Then, high-fat diet rats were divided into control (C), aerobic Exercise (E), caloric restriction (CR), and a combination (aerobic Exercise + caloric restriction (E+C) groups. E group ran on a treadmill at 28 m. per minute for 10 weeks. In CR group, 25% of their daily caloric ingestion reduced and E+C group had aerobic exercise and caloric restriction every other day. The results indicated that rats gained weight after 18 weeks of high-fat diet (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference in muscle DAG and serum levels of insulin, glucose and insulin resistance index between aerobic exercise, calorie restriction and combination groups and high-fat group (P<0.05). PKC-θ levels decreased in negative energy balance groups (P>0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between E and E+C groups and high-fat diet group in GLUT4 levels (P>0.05). This study indicated that negative energy balance methods can decrease skeletal muscle DAG even along with a high-fat diet which is largely congruent with an improvement in insulin resistance.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_66075_e395f37c7ca6a443bac9e71bb7c9ca87.pdf
2017-12-22
501
514
10.22059/jsb.2018.66075
aerobic exercise
calorie restriction
GLUT4
negative energy balance
Obesity
Aboozar
Jorbonian
jorbonian_a@yahoo.com
1
PhD Student of Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid
Mohebbi
mohebbi_h@yahoo.com
2
Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Argentino, D. P., Dominici, F. P., Munoz, M.C., Al-Regaiey, K., Bartke, A., & Turyn, D. 2005. Effects of long-term caloric restriction on glucose homeostasis and on the first steps of the insulin signaling system in skeletal muscle of normal and Ames dwarf (Prop1df/Prop1df) mice. Exp Gerontol, 40, 27-35.
1
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16
Griffin, M. E., Marcucci, M. J., Cline, G. W., Bell, K., Barucci, N., Lee, D., Goodyear, L. J., Kraegen, E. W., White, M. F., & Shulman, G. I. 1999. Free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance is associated with activation of protein kinase C theta and alterations in the insulin signaling cascade. Diabetes, 48, 1270-1274.
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Hoeg, L.D., Sjoberg, K. A., Jeppesen, J., Jensen, T. E., Frosig, C., Birk, J. B., Bisiani, B., Hiscock, N., Pilegaard, H., et al. 2011. Lipid-induced insulin resistance affects women less than men and is not accompanied by inflammation or impaired proximal insulin signaling. Diabetes, 60, 64-73.
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Janssen, I., Fortier, A., Hudson, R., & Ross, R. 2002. Effects of an energy-restrictive diet with or without exercise on abdominal fat, intermuscular fat, and metabolic risk factors in obese women. Diabetes Care, 25, 431-8.
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Johnson, N. A., Sachinwalla, T., Walton, D. W., Smith, K., Armstrong, A., et al. 2009. Aerobic exercise training reduces hepatic and visceral lipids in obese individuals without weight loss. Hepatology, 50, 1105-12.
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Jornayvaz, F. R., & Shulman, G. I. 2012. Diacylglycerol activation of protein kinase Cε and hepatic insulin resistance. Cell Metab, 15, 574-584.
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Luciano, E., Carneiro, E. M., Carvalho, C. R., Carvalheira, J. B., Peres, S. B., Reis, M. A., Saad, M. J., Boschero, A. C., & Velloso, L. A. 2002. Endurance training improves responsiveness to insulin and modulates insulin signal transduction through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-1 pathway. Eur J Endocrinol, 147, 149-57.
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McCurdy, C. E, Davidson, R. T, Cartee, G. D. 2003. Brief calorie restriction increases Akt2 phosphorylation in insulin-stimulated rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 285, 693-700.
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Sharma, N., Arias, E. B., Bhat, A. D., Sequea, D. A., Ho, S., Croff, K. K., et al. 2011. Mechanisms for increased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles of calorie-restricted rats. American journal of physiology Endocrinology and metabolism, 300, 966-978.
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32
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39
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40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of 8 Weeks of Concurrent Training with L-Arginine Supplementation on 8-isoPGF2α, SOD, GPX and CAT in Elderly Men
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of concurrent training with supplementation of L-arginine on SOD, GPX, CAT and 8-isoPGF2α in the male elderly. 44 male elderly (mean age: 67.77 ± 4.61, height: 168.38 ± 3.22 and weight: 70.45 ± 4.99) were selected voluntarily and purposively, and randomly divided into 4 groups (each group 11 subjects): training + supplements (ES), training + placebo (EP), supplement and control. Training groups completed 8 weeks of the training protocol every other day, 3 sessions per week. ES and supplementation groups daily received 1000 mg of L-arginine one hour after their breakfast and one hour before the training. ELISA method was used to measure biochemical variables and analysis of variance was used to analyze data at PP<0.001). Also, univariate analysis of variance showed the significant effect of group on every variable of oxidative stress (P<0.001). According to the findings of this study, elderly men could benefit from the effect of concurrent resistance and endurance training and consumption of 1000 mg L-arginine every day which probably reduces more oxidative stress indicator and improves their antioxidant system and could improve antioxidant defense system which improves their health.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_66076_f41b11274e06eb14b3c8ed7db83f2381.pdf
2017-12-22
515
527
10.22059/jsb.2018.66076
Antioxidant
concurrent training
oxidative stress
supplement
Roholah
Haghshenas
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Jalil
Avandi
mohsenavandi@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Nazanin
Jalili
njalili@gmail.com
3
MSc of Exercise Physiology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Fakoori Jouibari M, Farzanegi P, Barari A. The Effect of 8-week Aerobic Exercise with Purslane Supplementation Consumption on Peroxidant and Antioxidants Indicators in Women with Type 2 Diabetes. SSU_Journals. 2014;22(1):928-39.
1
2. Atashak S. A review of the antioxidant effects of medicinal plants in athletes. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 2015;2(54):1-14.
2
3. Levine RL, Stadtman ER. Oxidative modification of proteins during aging. Experimental gerontology. 2001;36(9):1495-502.
3
4. Jablecka A, Bogdanski P, Balcer N, Cieslewicz A, Skoluda A, Musialik K. The effect of oral L-arginine supplementation on fasting glucose, HbA1c, nitric oxide and total antioxidant status in diabetic patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease of lower extremities. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2012;16(3):342-50.
4
5. Neri S, Calvagno S, Mauceri B, Misseri M, Tsami A, Vecchio C, et al. Effects of antioxidants on postprandial oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. European journal of nutrition. 2010;49(7):409-16.
5
6. Bloomer RJ, Fry AC, Falvo MJ, Moore CA. Protein carbonyls are acutely elevated following single set anaerobic exercise in resistance trained men. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2007;10(6):411-7.
6
7. Minuz P, Patrignani P, Gaino S, Degan M, Menapace L, Tommasoli R, et al. Increased oxidative stress and platelet activation in patients with hypertension and renovascular disease. Circulation. 2002;106(22):2800-5.
7
8. Waring W, Convery A, Mishra V, Shenkin A, Webb D, Maxwell S. Uric acid reduces exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy adults. Clinical Science. 2003;105(4):425-30.
8
9. Tripathi P, Pandey S. L-arginine attenuates oxidative stress condition during cardiomyopathy. 2013.
9
10. Sohal RS. Role of oxidative stress and protein oxidation in the aging process1, 2. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2002;33(1):37-44.
10
11. Lucotti P, Setola E, Monti LD, Galluccio E, Costa S, Sandoli EP, et al. Beneficial effects of a long-term oral L-arginine treatment added to a hypocaloric diet and exercise training program in obese, insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic patients. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006;291(5):E906-E12.
11
12. Ren W, Yin Y, Liu G, Yu X, Li Y, Yang G, et al. Effect of dietary arginine supplementation on reproductive performance of mice with porcine circovirus type 2 infection. Amino acids. 2012;42(6):2089-94.
12
13. Tsai H-J, Shang H-F, Yeh C-L, Yeh S-L. Effects of arginine supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activity and macrophage response in burned mice. Burns. 2002;28(3):258-63.
13
14. Cadore E, Pinto R, Lhullier F, Correa C, Alberton C, Pinto S, et al. Physiological effects of concurrent training in elderly men. International journal of sports medicine. 2010;31(10):689-97.
14
15. Klein C, Rice C, Marsh G. Normalized force, activation, and coactivation in the arm muscles of young and old men. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2001;91(3):1341-9.
15
16. Phillips B, Williams J, Atherton P, Smith K, Hildebrandt W, Rankin D, et al. Resistance exercise training improves age-related declines in leg vascular conductance and rejuvenates acute leg blood flow responses to feeding and exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2011;112(3):347-53.
16
17. Peterson MD, Sen A, Gordon PM. Influence of resistance exercise on lean body mass in aging adults: a meta-analysis. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2011;43(2):249.
17
18. Karavirta L, Tulppo MP, Laaksonen DE, Nyman K, Laukkanen RT, Kinnunen H, et al. Heart rate dynamics after combined endurance and strength training in older men. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2009;41(7):1436-43.
18
19. Cadore EL, Izquierdo M, Pinto SS, Alberton CL, Pinto RS, Baroni BM, et al. Neuromuscular adaptations to concurrent training in the elderly: effects of intrasession exercise sequence. Age. 2013;35(3):891-903.
19
20. Medeiros NdS, de Abreu FG, Colato AS, de Lemos LS, Ramis TR, Dorneles GP, et al. Effects of concurrent training on oxidative stress and insulin resistance in obese individuals. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2015;2015.
20
21. Birjandi SC, Saghebjoo M, Hedayati M. Effect of high intensity interval training and L-Arginine supplementation on serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 and atrial natriuretic peptide in overweight and obese young men. 2016; 23(3): 211-223 (in persian).
21
22. Piatti P, Monti LD, Valsecchi G, Magni F, Setola E, Marchesi F, et al. Long-term oral L-arginine administration improves peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes care. 2001;24(5):875-80.
22
23. Di Blasio A, Gemello E, Di Iorio A, Di Giacinto G, Celso T, Di Renzo D, et al. Order effects of concurrent endurance and resistance training on post-exercise response of non-trained women. Journal of sports science & medicine. 2012;11(3):393.
23
24. Korkmaz S, Goksuluk D, Zararsiz G. MVN: an R package for assessing multivariate normality. The R Journal. 2014;6(2):151-62.
24
25. Bonomini F, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Metabolic syndrome, aging and involvement of oxidative stress. Aging and disease. 2015;6(2):109.
25
26. Davı̀ G, Ciabattoni G, Consoli A, Mezzetti A, Falco A, Santarone S, et al. In vivo formation of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and platelet activation in diabetes mellitus: effects of improved metabolic control and vitamin E supplementation. Circulation. 1999;99(2):224-9.
26
27. Gliemann L, Nyberg M, Hellsten Y. Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in limb vascular function: what is the effect of physical activity? Free radical research. 2014;48(1):71-83.
27
28. Radak Z, Chung HY, Goto S. Systemic adaptation to oxidative challenge induced by regular exercise. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2008;44(2):153-9.
28
29. Lucotti P, Monti L, Setola E, La Canna G, Castiglioni A, Rossodivita A, et al. Oral L-arginine supplementation improves endothelial function and ameliorates insulin sensitivity and inflammation in cardiopathic nondiabetic patients after an aortocoronary bypass. Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental. 2009;58(9):1270-6.
29
30. El‐Missiry M, Othman A, Amer M. l‐Arginine ameliorates oxidative stress in alloxan‐induced experimental diabetes mellitus. Journal of Applied Toxicology. 2004;24(2):93-7.
30
31. Tripathi P, Misra M. Therapeutic role of L-arginine on free radical scavenging system in ischemic heart diseases. 2009.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Role of Orexin-A and HIF-1 Responses in Acute Mountain Sickness
Acute mountain sickness (AMS) caused by rapid ascent to altitudes higher than 2500 m has complex pathophysiological conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate hypoxia related factors in individual susceptible to acute mountain sickness. 21 healthy subjects (mean age 31.7±8.5 year) participated in this study. Fasting blood samples were collected from antecubital vein (sea level) 1 hour and 24 hours after rapid ascent to an altitude of 3550 m by a gondola lift. HIF-1 and Orexin-A were measured by ELISA method. AMS status was measured by the Lake Louise Scoring 6 hours after the exposure to a high altitude. Lake Louise Scoring showed that 11 subjects got AMS after the exposure to a high altitude (LLS≥4). The results showed that Orexin-A and HIF-1 at sea level were higher in AMS-susceptible subjects than AMS-resistant subjects. But Orexin-A and HIF-1 responses were almost higher in AMS-susceptible subjects than AMS-resistant subjects. Orexin-A and HIF-1 at sea level had an inverse relationship with AMS. An increase in these proteins in AMS-susceptible subjects was drastically higher than AMS-resistant subjects after exposure to altitude.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_66092_f57248e2106e284b1cd587d18c6cff37.pdf
2017-12-22
529
541
10.22059/jsb.2018.238223.1185
Acute mountain sickness
HIF-1
Orexin-A
Bayan
Fayazi
fayazibayan@yahoo.com
1
university razi
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vahid
Tadibi
vahidtadibi@razi.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor; Department of exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Razi University Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran.
AUTHOR
Naser
Behpoor
n_behpoor@yahoo.com
3
Associate Professor, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Exercise Physiology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Hedayati
hedayati47@yahoo.com
4
Associate Professor, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Rodway GW, Hoffman LA, Sanders MH. High-altitude-related disorders—Part I: Pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care. 2003;32(6):353-9.
1
2. Roach RC, Hackett PH. Frontiers of hypoxia research: acute mountain sickness. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2001;204(18):3161-70.
2
3. Liu B, Huang H, Wu G, Xu G, Sun B-D, Zhang E-L, et al. A signature of circulating microRNAs predicts the susceptibility of acute mountain sickness. Frontiers in physiology. 2017;8.
3
4. Liao W-T, Liu B, Chen J, Cui J-H, Gao Y-X, Liu F-Y, et al. Metabolite modulation in human plasma in the early phase of acclimatization to hypobaric hypoxia. Scientific reports. 2016;6.
4
5. Grissom CK, Zimmerman GA, Whatley RE. Endothelial selectins in acute mountain sickness and high-altitude pulmonary edema. Chest. 1997;112(6):1572-8.
5
6. Lanfranchi PA, Colombo R, Cremona G, Baderna P, Spagnolatti L, Mazzuero G, et al. Autonomic cardiovascular regulation in subjects with acute mountain sickness. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2005;58(6):H2364.
6
7. Chen H-C, Lin W-L, Wu J-Y, Wang S-H, Chiu T-F, Weng Y-M, et al. Change in oxygen saturation does not predict acute mountain sickness on Jade Mountain. Wilderness & environmental medicine. 2012;23(2):122-7.
7
8. Wu J, Gu H, Luo Y. Differences between the “Chinese AMS Score” and the Lake Louise score in the diagnosis of acute mountain sickness. Medicine. 2016;95(21).
8
9. Karinen HM, Peltonen JE, Kähönen M, Tikkanen HO. Prediction of acute mountain sickness by monitoring arterial oxygen saturation during ascent. High altitude medicine & biology. 2010;11(4):325-32.
9
10. Julian CG, Subudhi AW, Hill RC, Wilson MJ, Dimmen AC, Hansen KC, et al. Exploratory proteomic analysis of hypobaric hypoxia and acute mountain sickness in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2014;116(7):937-44.
10
11. Painschab MS, Malpartida GE, Dávila-Roman VG, Gilman RH, Kolb TM, León-Velarde F, et al. Association between serum concentrations of hypoxia inducible factor responsive proteins and excessive Erythrocytosis in high altitude Peru. High altitude medicine & biology. 2015;16(1):26-33.
11
12. Ding H, Liu Q, Hua M, Ding M, Du H, Zhang W, et al. Polymorphisms of hypoxia-related genes in subjects susceptible to acute mountain sickness. Respiration. 2011;81(3):236-41.
12
13. Droma Y, Ota M, Hanaoka M, Katsuyama Y, Basnyat B, Neupane P, et al. Two hypoxia sensor genes and their association with symptoms of acute mountain sickness in Sherpas. Aviation, space, and environmental medicine. 2008;79(11):1056-60.
13
14. Liu XH, Morris R, Spiller D, White M, Williams G. Orexin a preferentially excites glucose-sensitive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus of the rat in vitro. Diabetes. 2001;50(11):2431-7.
14
15. Xu T-R, Yang Y, Ward R, Gao L, Liu Y. Orexin receptors: multi-functional therapeutic targets for sleeping disorders, eating disorders, drug addiction, cancers and other physiological disorders. Cellular signalling. 2013;25(12):2413-23.
15
16. Tsujino N, Sakurai T. Orexin/hypocretin: a neuropeptide at the interface of sleep, energy homeostasis, and reward system. Pharmacological reviews. 2009;61(2):162-76.
16
17. Yuan L-b, Dong H-l, Zhang H-P, Zhao R-n, Gong G, Chen X-m, et al. Neuroprotective effect of orexin-A is mediated by an increase of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 activity in rat. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. 2011;114(2):340-54.
17
18. Kline DD, Peng Y-J, Manalo DJ, Semenza GL, Prabhakar NR. Defective carotid body function and impaired ventilatory responses to chronic hypoxia in mice partially deficient for hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2002;99(2):821-6.
18
19. Semenza GL. HIF-1 mediates metabolic responses to intratumoral hypoxia and oncogenic mutations. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2013;123(9):3664.
19
20. Sokołowska P, Urbańska A, Biegańska K, Wagner W, Ciszewski W, Namiecińska M, et al. Orexins protect neuronal cell cultures against hypoxic stress: an involvement of Akt signaling. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 2014;52(1):48-55.
20
21. Bourgin P, Huitrón-Reséndiz S, Spier AD, Fabre V, Morte B, Criado JR, et al. Hypocretin-1 modulates rapid eye movement sleep through activation of locus coeruleus neurons. Journal of Neuroscience.2005. 20(20). PP: 60-77.
21
22. Liu Z, Jiang L, Zhu F, Fu C, Lu S, Zhou J, et al. Chronic intermittent hypoxia and the expression of orexin and its receptors in the brains of rats. Sleep and Biological Rhythms. 2014;12(1):22-9.
22
23. Sikder D, Kodadek T. The neurohormone orexin stimulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 activity. Genes & development. 2007;21(22):2995-3005.
23
24. Julian CG, Subudhi AW, Wilson MJ, Dimmen AC, Pecha T, Roach RC. Acute mountain sickness, inflammation, and permeability: new insights from a blood biomarker study. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2011;111(2):392-9.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of 8 Weeks of High Intensity Intermittent and Aerobic Training on Gene Expression of SOD and GPX of Heart tissue in Wistar Male Rats
Exercise and physical activity have many benefits to improve the health, prevention, and treatment of diseases. But exercise also accuse complications should be controlled and increased oxidative stress is one of them. The aim of this study was to examine the compatibility of the devices in heart tissue antioxidant defense Wistar rats after continuous and intermittent exercise extreme here. A total of 18 male Wistar rats in the third group of high-intensity intermittent exercise (6 rats), exercise (6 rats) and control group (6 rats) were randomly assigned in a period of 8 weeks of exercise. 48 hours after the last training session, blood and tissue samples were collected by heart. The values of SOD and GPX heart tissue gene expression was determined by RT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. The results showed that SOD gene expression in both periodic and endurance training group and the control group was significantly increased. But the GPX gene expression was significantly increased only in HIT training.Exercise provides favorable changes in heart tissue and antioxidant defense system. These effects in both continuous and intermittent exercise extreme were observed. But it seems that interval training has extreme effects on antioxidant defense better.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_66094_ed1ee2867d413c0090c5f5bcb99df949.pdf
2017-12-22
571
577
10.22059/jsb.2018.243884.1210
high-intensity intermittent exercise
aerobic exercise
antioxidant system
glutathione peroxide
superoxide dismutase
Mahsa
Dehghan Manshadi
dehghan@yahoo.com
1
MSc of Exercise Physiology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
MohammadReza
Asad
m_r_asad@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Naghibi
sdnaghibi@gmail.com
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1.Booth FW, Lees SJ. Fundamental questions about genes, inactivity, and chronic diseases. Physiological genomics. 2007;28(2):146-57.
1
2.Warburton DE, Nicol CW, Bredin SS. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. Canadian medical association journal. 2006;174(6):801-9.
2
3.Powers SK, Jackson MJ. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiological reviews. 2008;88(4):1243-76.
3
4. Meagher E, Rader DJ. Antioxidant therapy and atherosclerosis: animal and human studies. Trends in cardiovascular medicine. 2001;11(3):162-5.
4
5.Sen CK. Antioxidants in exercise nutrition. Sports Medicine. 2001;31(13):891-908.
5
6.Allen R, Tresini M. Oxidative stress and gene regulation. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2000;28(3):463-99.
6
7. De Andrade LHS, de Moraes WMAM, Junior EHM, de Moura EdOC, Antunes HKM, Montemor J, et al. Aerobic exercise training improves oxidative stress and ubiquitin proteasome system activity in heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Molecular and cellular biochemistry. 2015;402(1-2):193-202.
7
8.Poblete Aro CE, Guzmán R, Antonio J, Soto Muñoz ME, Villegas González BE. Effects of high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training on the reduction of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic adult patients: CAT. Medwave. 2015;15(07).
8
9.Pingitore A, Lima GPP, Mastorci F, Quinones A, Iervasi G, Vassalle C. Exercise and oxidative stress: Potential effects of antioxidant dietary strategies in sports. Nutrition. 2015;31(7):916-22.
9
10. Rahimi M, Asgari AR, Khoshbaten A. The Role of Exercise Preconditioning in Cardioprotection against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Physiology and Pharmacology. 2014;18(2):122-43.
10
11. Powers SK, Criswell D, Lawler J, Martin D, Lieu F, Ji LL, et al. Rigorous exercise training increases superoxide dismutase activity in ventricular myocardium. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 1993;265(6):H2094-H8.
11
12. Judge S, Jang YM, Smith A, Selman C, Phillips T, Speakman JR, et al. Exercise by lifelong voluntary wheel running reduces subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production in the heart. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2005;289(6):R1564-R72.
12
13. Kavazis AN. Exercise preconditioning of the myocardium. Sports Medicine. 2009;39(11):923-35.
13
14. Naderi R, Mohaddes G, Mohammadi M, Ghaznavi R, Ghyasi R, Vatankhah AM. Voluntary Exercise Protects Heart from Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats. Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin. 2015;5(2):231.
14
15. Gul M, Demircan B, Taysi S, Oztasan N, Gumustekin K, Siktar E, et al. Effects of endurance training and acute exhaustive exercise on antioxidant defense mechanisms in rat heart. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 2006;143(2):239-45.
15
16. Jones JH. Resource Book for the Design of Animal Exercise Protocols. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2007;68(6):583-.
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17. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2− ΔΔCT method. methods. 2001;25(4):402-8.
17
18. French JP, Hamilton KL, Quindry JC, Lee Y, Upchurch PA, Powers SK. Exercise-induced protection against myocardial apoptosis and necrosis: MnSOD, calcium-handling proteins, and calpain. The FASEB Journal. 2008;22(8):2862-71.
18
19. Cocks M, Shaw CS, Shepherd SO, Fisher JP, Ranasinghe AM, Barker TA, et al. Sprint interval and endurance training are equally effective in increasing muscle microvascular density and eNOS content in sedentary males. The Journal of physiology. 2013;591(3):641-56.
19
20. Thomas SR, Stocker R. Mechanisms of antioxidant action of ubiquinol-10 for low-density lipoprotein. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL; 2001. p. 131-50.
20
21. Radak Z, Asano K, Inoue M, Kizaki T, Oh-Ishi S, Suzuki K, et al. Superoxide dismutase derivative reduces oxidative damage in skeletal muscle of rats during exhaustive exercise. Journal of applied physiology. 1995;79(1):129-35.
21
22. Rahimi M, Shekarforoush S, Asgari AR, Khoshbaten A, Rajabi H, Bazgir B, et al. The effect of high intensity interval training on cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in wistar rats. EXCLI journal. 2015;14:237.
22
23. Schneider CD, Barp J, Ribeiro JL, Belló-Klein A, Oliveira AR. Oxidative stress after three different intensities of running. Canadian journal of applied physiology. 2005;30(6):723-34.
23
24. Radak Z, Chung HY, Goto S. Systemic adaptation to oxidative challenge induced by regular exercise. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2008;44(2):153-9.
24
25. Cunningham P, Geary M, Harper R, Pendleton A, Stover S. High intensity sprint training reduces lipid peroxidation in fast-twitch skeletal muscle. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online. 2005;8(6).
25
26. Chevion S, Moran DS, Heled Y, Shani Y, Regev G, Abbou B, et al. Plasma antioxidant status and cell injury after severe physical exercise. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2003;100(9):5119-23.
26
27. Powers S, Sollanek K, Wiggs M, Demirel H, Smuder A. Exercise-induced improvements in myocardial antioxidant capacity: the antioxidant players and cardioprotection. Free radical research. 2014;48(1):43-51.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of two Different Protocols: Post-Activation Potentiation (with and without Occlusion) on Anaerobic Performance Athletes
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two different protocols of post-activation potentiation on anaerobic performance of female athletes. For this purpose, in a randomized crossover design, 12 female athlete students were assigned to 4 groups: control (ordinary and traditional warm-up and then Wingate test), experiment 1 (3 sets of squat with 80% of one repetition maximum and then Wingate test), experiment 2 (3 sets of squat with 20% of one repetition maximum with vascular occlusion and then Wingate test), experiment 3 (ordinary warm-up and then Wingate test, just vascular occlusion). In order to measure the power, one repetition maximum in the squat test was used. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. According to the results, no significant difference was observed in the peak power, average power, and minimum power among four different groups (experiment 1, experiment 2, experimental 3 and control) (P˃0.05). The results showed that the 3 sets of squat with 20% and 80% of one repetition maximum and 10 repetitions (with or without vascular occlusion) had no effects on the output of anaerobic power in female athletes. Probably, pre-activation before power actions should be performed more strongly or with a longer rest interval.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_66093_7831f56cf5467d2484b46967d12b97fd.pdf
2017-12-22
543
555
10.22059/jsb.2017.206507.1077
anaerobic performance
Blood Flow Restricted
girls athlete
Post-Activation Potentiation
Akram
Sharifi Moghadam
sharifi_1377@yahoo.com
1
PhD Student of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Faezeh
Naserkhani
faezeh.naserkhani@yahoo.com
2
MSc of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
AUTHOR
Sayed Ali Reza
Hosseini Kakhk
hosseinik@um.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
Aqaali Nejad H. Basic Concepts in Exposure Preparation. National Olympic Committee. 2005. (in persian)
1
Valiropour Dehno V, Khanjiri Alam M, SidiAbdoli S, Mehrabbi M. The effect of potentiation after activation in combination with intense speed training on exercise performance. Quarterly Journal of Sporting Life Sciences. 2015; 4(15): 87-73. (in persian)
2
Shirazi A, Rajabi H, Aqaali Nejad H. The validity of some physiological variables of the speed test (RAST) and the Wingate test on the players of the national team of the futsal. Quarterly Olympics. 2005; 17(2): 50-41. (in persian)
3
Aqaali Nejad H, Gharakhanlou R, Yosufond S. Estimation of anaerobic power by a new zigzag jump test with the name of the Teacher Training Tester (TMAT), Olympics Quarterly. 2009; 16(2):108-97. (in persian)
4
Monazami AH, Hemmatfar A. Comparison of the effects of intensity and type of voluntary contractions on the vertical jump of young male volleyball players. Quarterly Journal of Sports Life Sciences. 2014; 3(11):46-39. (in persian)
5
Clark RA, Bryant AL, Reaburn P. The acute effects of a single set of contrast preloading on a loaded countermovement jump training session. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2006; 20(1): 162-166.
6
Erol K, Armen K, Fuad B, Asim B. Effect of maximum isometric contraction on explosive power of lower limbs (jump performance). Bosnia and Herzegovina Sport SPA. 2011; 7(1): 69-75.
7
Lorenz D. Postactivation potentiation: an introduction. The International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2011; 6 (3): 234-240.
8
Hodgson M, Docherty D, Robbins D. Post-activation potentiation underlying physiology and implications for motor performance. Journal of Sports Med. 2005; 35(7): 585-595.
9
Xenofondos A, Patikas D, Koceja D.M, Behdad T, Bassa E, Kellis E.T, et al. Post activation potentiation: the neural effects of post activation depression. Journal of Muscle Nerve. 2015; 52(2): 252-259.
10
French DN, Kraemer WJ, Cooke CB. Changes in dynamic exercise performance following a sequence of preconditioning isometric muscle actions. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2003; 17(4) :678-85.
11
Konstantinos S, Ilias S, Marios C, Karolina B, Angelos S, Helen D, Savvas PT. Effects of warm-up on vertical jump performance and muscle electrical activity using half-squats at low and moderate intensity. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2010; 9, 326-331.
12
Stieg JL, Faulkinbury KJ, Tran TT, Brown LE, Coburn JW, Judelson DA. Acute effects of depth jump volume on vertical jump performance in collegiate women soccer players. Kinesiology.2011; 43(1): 25-30.
13
Batista MA, Ugrinowitsch C, Roschell H, Lotufo R, Ricard MD, Tricoli VA. Intermittent exercise as a conditioning activity to induce postactivation potentiation. J Strength Cond Res. 2007; 4(21): 837-840.
14
Robbins DW. Post activation potentiation and its practical applicability: A brief review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2005; 19(2): 453-458.
15
Tsimachidis C, Patikas D, Elenibassa CG, Kotzamanidis C. The post activation potentiation effect on sprint performance after combined resistance/sprint training in junior basketball players. Journal of Sports Sciences.2013; 31(10): 1117-1124
16
Hancock A.P, Sparks KE, Kullman EL. Post activation Potentiation enhances swim performance in collegiate swimmers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2015; 29(4): 912-917.
17
Kilduff LP, Owen N, Bevan H, Bennett M, Kingsley MIC, Cunningham D. Influence of recovery time on post activation potentiation in professional rugby players. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2008; 26(8):795-802.
18
McBride JM, Nimphius S, Erickson TM. The acute effects of heavy-load squats and loaded countermovement jumps on sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2005; 19(4), 893-7.
19
Hrysomallis C, Kidgel D. Effect of heavy dynamic resistive exercise on acute upper body power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2001; 15, 426-430.
20
Matthews M, Comfort P. Applying complext raining principles to boxing: A Practical Approach. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2008; 30(5): 12-15.
21
Santos EJ, Janeira MA. Effects of complex training on explosive strength in adolescent male basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2008 ;22:903-909.
22
Karabulut M, Bemben DA, Sherk VD, Anderson MA, Abe T, Bemben MG. Effects of high-intensity resistance training and low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction on bone markers in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011; 10(2): 1796-9.
23
Abe T, Yasuda T, Midorikawa T, Sato Y, Kearns CF, Inoue K and et al. Skeletal muscle size and circulating IGF-1 are increased after two weeks of twice daily “kaatsu” resistance training. Int J Kaatsu Training Res. 2005;1(3): 6-12.
24
Abe T, Fujita S, Nakajima T, Sakamaki M, Ozaki H, Ogasawara R, et al. Effects of low-intensity cycle training with restricted leg blood flow on thigh muscle volume and VO2max in young men. J Sports Sci Med. 2010; 9(2): 452-458.
25
Eduardo SS, de V, Juan JG, Mikel I. Optimal warm-up stimuli of muscle activation to enhance short and long-term acute jumping performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2007; 100, 393-401.
26
Konstantinos S, Ilias S, Marios C, Karolina B, Angelos S, Helen D, Savvas PT. Effects of warm-up on vertical jump performance and muscle electrical activity using half-squats at low and moderate intensity. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2010; 9, 326-331.
27
American College of Sports Medicine. Position Stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002; 34, 364-380.
28
Stieg JL, Faulkinbury KJ, Tran TT, Brown LE, Coburn JW, Judelson DA. Acute effects of depth jump volume on vertical jump performance in collegiate women soccer players. Kinesiology. 2011; 43(1):25-30.
29
Ebben WP, Jensen RL, Blackard DO. Electromyographic and kinetic analysis of complex training exercise variables. Journal of Strength Cond Res. 2000; 14, 451-456.
30
Sotiropoulos k, Ilias S, Marios C, Karolina B, Angelos S, Helen D, Savvas PT. Effects of warm-up on vertical jump performance and muscle electrical activity using half-squats at low and moderate intensity. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2010; 9, 326-331.
31
Wilson JM, Duncan NM, Marin PJ, Brown LE, Loenneke JP, Wilson SM, et al. Meta-Analysis of Postactivation Potentiation and Power: Effects of Conditioning Activity, Volume, Gender, Rest Periods, and Training Status. Journal of Strength and ConditioningResearch. 2013; 27(3): 854-859.
32
Evans AK, Hodgkins TD, Durham TD, Berning MP, Adams KJ. The acute effects of a 5RM bench press on power output. Journal of Medicine Science Sport Exercise.2000, 32, 311.
33
Baker, D. Acute effect of alternating heavy and light resistances on power output during upper-body complex power training. Journal of Strength Cond Res. 2003, 17, 493-497.
34
Brandenbur JP. The acute effects of prior dynamic resistance exerciseeu sing different loads o nsubsequent upper-body explosive performance in resistance -trained men. Journal of Strength Cond Res.2005; 19(2): 427-432.
35
Bevan RH, Owen NJ, Cunninghan DJ, Kingsley MIC, Kilduff LP. Complex training in professional rugby players: Influence of recovery time on upper-body power output. Journal of Strength Cond Res. 2009, 23, 1780–1785.
36
Hosseini Kakhk, AR, Sharifi Moghaddam Akram, Hamedinia MR, Azarniyeh M. A Comparison of the Effect of Traditional Resistance Training with Resistance Training with Vascular Occlusion on Muscular Function and Cardiovascular Endurance in Young Females. Journal of Sport Sciences. 2012, 10, 114-95. (in persian)
37
Sale D.G. Post activation potentiation: Role in human performance. Journal of Exercise Sport Science. 2002, 30, 138-143.
38
Rixon K.P, Lamont H.S, Hemhen M. Influence of type of muscle contraction, gender, and lifting experience on post activation potentiation performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2007; 21, 500-505
39
Evetovich TK, Conley DS, McCawley PF. Post activation potentiations enhance supper-and lower-body athletic performance in collegiate male and female athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research .2015; 29(2): 336-342.
40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of 6 Weeks of Interval Training Based on Heart Rate Deflection Point (HRDP) Extracted from D-Max Method on Blood Lactate Changes, Time to Fatigue and Performance of Young Soccer Players
The aim of this study was the effect of 6 weeks of interval training based on heart rate deflection point (HRDP) extracted from D-Max method on blood lactate, performance and time to fatigue of young soccer players. 20 soccer players volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly divided into two groups: training (n=10) and control (n=10). Control group performed their club training 3 sessions a week for 6 weeks and training group conducted the interval training with equivalent intensity of HRDP based on D-Max method in addition to their club training. The dependent and independent t tests were used to determine intragroup and intergroup differences. The results showed that time to fatigue (P=0.00) and produced lactate (P=0.02) significantly increased only in the training group, but performance was improved in both training (P=0.02) and control (P=0.04) groups. Also, the training group showed significantly better effects on lactate (P=0.01), time to fatigue (P=0.03) and performance (P=0.00) in soccer players. Generally, coaches and soccer players are recommended to use interval training with equivalent intensity of HRDP extracted from D-Max method combined with their club training in order to achieve their training goals.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_66095_f1479a9782dbdd8f08e57a5331c91fe4.pdf
2017-12-22
573
585
10.22059/jsb.2018.135375.1005
fatigue
heart rate
interval training
lactate threshold
Asghar
Jalali
asgharjalalli770@gmail.com
1
MSc in Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Payame Noor, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Abbaspoor
abbaspoor@uok.ac.ir
2
Assistance Professor in Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Hakimi
mehdihakimi66@yahoo.com
3
Ph.D in Exercise Physiology of Cardiovascular and Respiration, Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, Marivan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marivan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maryam
Ali-Mohammadi
maryamalimohamadi66@yahoo.com
4
PhD student in Exercise Physiology of Cardiovascular and Respiration, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. Rajabi, H., Keyhanian, A. (2014). “Comparison of resistance trainings with active and passive rest on changes level of lactate blood activity of soccer players”. Sport Physiol; 6 (23): 15-28. (In Persian).
1
2. McMillan, K., Helgerud, J., Macdonald, R., Hoff, J. (2005). “Physiological adaptations to soccer specific endurance training in professional youth soccer players”. Br J Sports Med; 39: 273-277.
2
3. Siahkuhian, M., Zou-Alfaghari, MR. (2006). “Determination of anaerobic threshold by D-Max method”. Sport Physiol; 10: 15-27. (In Persian).
3
4. Stolen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., Wisloff, U. (2005). “Physiology of soccer”. Sports Med; 35 (6): 501-536.
4
5. Alghannam, AF. (2012). “Metabolic limitations of performance and fatigue in football”. Asian J Sports Med; 3 (2): 65-73.
5
6. Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., Bangsbo, J. (2005). “Fatigue in soccer: a brief review”. J Sports Sci; 23(6): 593-599.
6
7. Stokes, KA., Nevill, ME., Cherry, PW., Lakomy, HKA., Hall, GM. (2004). “Effect of 6 weeks of sprint training on growth hormone responses to sprinting”. Eur J Appl Physiol; (92) 26-32.
7
8. Farzad, B., Gharakhanlou, R., Agha-Alinejad, H., Curby, D., Bayati, M., Bahraminejad, M., et al. (2011). “Physiological and performance changes from the addition of a sprint interval program to wrestling training”. J Strength Cond Res; 25(9): 2392-2399.
8
9. Henderson, GC., Horning, MA., Lehman, SL., Wolfel, EE., Bergman, BC., Brooks, GA. (2004). “Pyruvate shuttling during rest and exercise before and after endurance training in men”. J Appl Physiol; 97: 317-325.
9
10. Hoff, J., Wisloff, U., Engen, LC., Kemi, OJ., Helgerud, J. (2002). “Soccer specific aerobic endurance training”. Br J Sports Med; 36: 218-221.
10
11. Rodas, G., Ventura, JL., Cadefau, JA., Cusso, R., Parra, J. (2000). “A short training programme for the rapid improvement of both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism”. Eur J Appl Physiol; 82: 480-486.
11
12. Siahkuhian, M., Khodadadi, D. (2013).“The effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on aerobic and anaerobic indices in athlete boys”. Sport Physiol; 5(18): 39-52. (In Persian).
12
13. Kara, M., Gokbel, H., Bediz, C. (1996). “Determination of the heart rate deflection point by the Dmax method”. J Sports Med Phys fitness; 36: 31-34.
13
14. Bently, DJ., Newell, J., Bishop, D. (2007). “Incremental exercise test design and analysis implications for performance diagnostics in endurance athletes”. Sports Med; 37(7): 575-586
14
15. Bangsbo, J., Norregaard, L., Thorso, F. (1991). “Activity profile of competition soccer”. Can J Sport Sci; 16(2): 110-116.
15
16. Roy, GS., Paul, A., Bandopadhyyay, D. (2014). “Effect of extensive interval training on lactate threshold level”. Am J Sports Sci Med; 2(5): 6-9.
16
17. Rakobowchuk, M. (2008). “Sprint interval and traditional endurance training induce similar improvements in peripheral arterial stiffness and flow-mediated dilation in healthy humans”. Am J Physiol Regul, Integr Comp Physiol; 295 (1): 236-242.
17
18. Laursen, PB., Shing, CM., Peake, JM., Coombes, JS., Jenkins, DG. (2002). “Interval training program optimization in highly trained endurance cyclists”. Med Sci Sports Exer; 34 (11): 1801- 1807.
18
19. Dawson, B., Fitzsimons, M., Green, S., Goodman, C., Carey, M., Cole, K. (1998). “Changes in performance, muscle metabolites, enzymes and fibre types after short sprint training”. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol; 78 (2): 163- 169.
19
20. Bayati, M., Gharakhanlou, R., Agha-Alinejad, H., Farzad, B. (2010). “The effect of 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training on selected physiological and metabolic indices in active men”. J Appl Sport Physiol Univ Mazandaran; 6(11): 107-124. (In Persian).
20
21. Motemadi, P., Rajabi, H., Eberahimi, E. (2011). “The effect of continuous and intermittent exercise, aerobic endurance and strength to move efficiently trained male runners”. Sport Physiol; 8(15); 46-59. (In Persian).
21
22. Laursen, PB., Jenkins, DG. (2002). “The scientific basis for high - intensity interval training: optimising training programmes and maximizing performance in highly trained endurance athletes”. Sports Med; 32 (1): 53- 73.
22
23. Creer, AR., Ricard, MD., Conlee, RK., Hoyt, GL., Parcell, AC. (2004). “Neural, metabolic, and performance adaptations to four weeks of high intensity sprint - interval training in trained cyclists”. Int J Sports Med; 25 (2): 92- 98.
23
24. Weston, AR., Myburgh, KH., Lindsay, FH., Dennis, SC., Noakes, TD., Hawley, JA. (1997). “Skeletal muscle buffering capacity and endurance performance after highintensity training by well- trained cyclists”. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol; 75 (1): 7- 13.
24
25. Macpherson, R., Hazell, TJ., Olver, TD., Paterson, DH., Lemon, PW. (2011). “Run sprint interval training improves aerobic performance but not max cardiac output”. Med Sci Sports Exer; 43: 115-122
25
26. Nikbakht, H., Keshavarz, S., Ebrahim, K. (2011). “The effects of tapering on repeated sprint ability (Rsa) and maximal aerobic power in male soccer players”. Am J Sci Res; 30: 125-133.
26
27. Meckel, Y., Eliakim, A., Seraev, M., Zaldivar, F, Cooper, DM., Sagiv, M. (2009). “The effect of a brief sprint interval exercise on growth factors and inflammatory mediators”. J Strength Cond Res; 23 (1): 225- 230.
27
28. Lin, H., Wang, SW., Wang, RY., Wang, PS. (2001). “Stimulatory effect of lactate on testosterone production by rat Leydig cells”. J Cell Biochem; 83 (1): 147- 154.
28
29. Kraemer, WJ., Rogol, AD. (2005). “The endocrine system in sports and exercise”. Blackwell; 525-543.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Comparison of the Effect of One Session of Continuous and High Intensity Intermittent Training on TNF-α and VEGF Levels of Soleus Tissue in Obese Rats
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of one session of continuous and high intensity intermittent training on TNF-α and VEGF levels of soleus tissue in obese rats. 45 rats (8 weeks old) were fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks. Then, 27 rats (BMI more than 0.68 gr/cm2 and weight: 320±10 gr) were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, continuous and high intensity intermittent training. Intermittent and continuous groups were familiarized with the study and their VO2max was determined for 2 weeks; then, they ran respectively with an intensity of 100% vVO2max and 65% vVO2max and the running time was calculated based on distance in the intermittent training group. Control group did not participate in any programs. Animals were dissected immediately and their soleus muscle was removed. The normality of the data was determined and one-way ANOVA was used (P≤0.05). Only the intermittent training group significantly decreased VEGF levels in comparison with the control group (P=0.001) and the continuous group (P=0.003). But TNF-α levels were not significantly different in all 3 groups. Contrary to previous speculations, high intensity intermittent training did not ascend inflammation. There is a doubt about the concern for intermittent training and inflammation increase and also VEGF levels decrease in the intermittent group in obese people which requires more research in this field.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_66096_caaef74d1f44bd4bc87bfb201a77abd7.pdf
2017-12-22
587
599
10.22059/jsb.2018.66096
Continuous training
high intensity intermittent training
TNF-α
VEGF
Maryam
Baghery
m.bagheri@gmail.com
1
.MSc, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Yunesian
ayounesian@yahoo.co.uk
2
Associate Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Rahimeh
Mehdizadeh
rahimeh.m@gmail.com
3
Associate Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Nourshahi
m-nourshahi@sbu.ac.ir
4
Associate Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Waterston A, Bower M. TNF and cancer: good or bad. Cancer therapy. 2004;2:131-48.
1
2. Yaghoubi M, Esmailzadeh H, Yaghoubi G. Relationship between Physical Activity and Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight in the Disabled and Veterans. J Mil Med. 2013;14(4):245-8.
2
3. Mohammadi N, Shobeiri F, Khirollahi A. Frequency of Over Wieght & Obesity of Women in Referents to Medical and Health Centers in Hamadam City. Scientific Journal of Hamadan Nursing & Midwifery Faculty. 2011;19(2):36-46.
3
4. Organization WH. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation. WHO Technical Report. 1999;894.
4
5. Olfert IM, Howlett RA, Wagner PD, Breen EC. Myocyte vascular endothelial growth factor is required for exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2010;299(4):R1059-R67.
5
6. Ogunbode A, Ladipo M, Ajayi I, Fatiregun A. Obesity: an emerging disease. Nigerian journal of clinical practice. 2011;14(4):390-4.
6
7. Kazemi A, Rahmati M, Eskandari F, Taherabadi S. Effect of 8 weeks sprint interval training on serum levels of Adiponectin and insulin in overweight children. ISMJ. 2016;19(1):37-47.
7
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