ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Progressive Resistance Training on Muscle Mass and Oxidative - Antioxidative Markers in Muscle Tissue of Diabetic Rats
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a period of progressive resistance training on muscle mass and muscular oxidative - antioxidative markers in diabetic rats. In an experimental study, 24 Wistar rats were divided into two groups: resistance training (n=12) and control (n=12). Diabetes was induced by single-dose injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg of body weight, intra protaneal, dissolved in phosphate buffer). Training group performed resistance training for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. 48 hours after the last training session, animals were anesthetized and blood was taken from the heart; then, the flexor hallucis longus muscle (FHL) was removed from the lower limb. Independent samples t test was used to compare the groups. In resistance training group, FHL muscle mass and FHL muscle mass / body weight ratio were significantly higher than the control group (P=0.002 and P=0.033 respectively). Level of MDA in FHL muscle of resistance training group was 12.2% higher than the control group, but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P=0.176). Protein Carbonyl (PC) level of FHL muscle in training group was 26% lower than the control group but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P=0.062). Moreover, findings showed that total glutathione content (T-GSH) of FHL muscle in training group was 36.8% higher than the control group (P<0.001). The observed increase in muscle mass along with improvements in T-GSH content and PC suggests that resistance training decreased muscle oxidative stress and can have beneficial antiatrophy effects in diabetes.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64717_4d79f2ceb076a39a6ea8a03ca45550d0.pdf
2017-11-22
301
314
10.22059/jsb.2017.43174.684
diabetes
oxidative stress
resistance training
Ali
Samadi
ali.samadi.62@gmail.com
1
Assistance Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abass ali
Gaeni
aagaeini@ut.ac.ir
2
۲. استاد، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Ali asghar
Ravasi
aaravasi@ ut.ac.ir
3
Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 4. PhD in Exercise Physiology, Tehran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Khalesi
mk.khalesi@gmail.com
4
phd graduate university of mazandaran
AUTHOR
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32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of 12 Weeks of Strength-Power Training with Different Loads on Muscular and Performing Functions in Soccer Players
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of strength-power training with different loads on muscular and performing functions in elite soccer players. 36 subjects from 4 universities were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: group 1 (strength-power training with 60-70% of 1RM), group 2 (strength-power training with 70-80% of 1RM) and group 3 (strength - power training with 80-90% of 1RM). Strength-power training program included 6 movements which were performed for 12 weeks (3 sessions per week) for all groups. Results showed that heavy load significantly increased muscular strength of lower body compared with the light load. The heavy and intermediate loads significantly increased anaerobic power of lower body compared with the light load. The heavy load significantly decreased the time of 20 and 30 meter run and Hoff test compared with the light and intermediate loads. No significant differences were observed in other loads. Also, there were no significant differences in the 10 meter sprint and explosive power. It is suggested that soccer players should use strength- power training with the load of 80-90% of 1RM to improve their muscular and performing functions.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64740_f55cd927c20cb922b2d0d85bd2680a9c.pdf
2017-11-22
315
332
10.22059/jsb.2018.64740
different loads
muscular and performing functions
soccer player
strength-power training
Ali Asghar
Mazani
mazani1351@yahoo.com
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad reza
Hamedineya
mrhamedinia@sttu.ac.ir
2
Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir Hossain
Haghighi
ah.haghighi@hsu.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
Nosratollah
Hedayatipour
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Bojnord University, Bojnord, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Adams, K ., O'Shea, J. P., O'Shea, K. L, Climstein,M. 1992. The effect of six weeks of squat, plyometric and squat-plyometric training on power production. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 6, 36-41.
1
2. Blazevich, A. J ., Jenkins, D. 1998. Physical performance differences between weight-trained sprinters and weight trainers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,1, 12-21.
2
3. Blazevich, A., Jenkins, D. 2002. Effect of the movement speed of resistance training exercises on sprint and strength performance in concurrently training elite junior sprinters. Journal of sports sciences, 20, 981-990.
3
4. Chamari, K., Hachana,Y., Kaouech,F., Jeddi,R .,et al. 2005. Endurance training and testing with the ball in young elite soccer players. Journal of sports medicine, 24-28.
4
5. Chelly, M. S., Fathloun,M., Cherief,N.,Benamer,M., et al. 2009.Effects of a back squat training program on leg power, jump, and sprint performances in junior soccer players.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23, 2241–2249.
5
6. Cometti,G., Maffiuletti, N.A., Pousson,M., Chatard, J.C., Maffulli, N. 2001. Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power of elite, subelite and amateur soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 45–51.
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7. Cronin, J., McNair, P.J., Marshall, R. N. 2001. Velocity specificity, combination training and sport specific tasks. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport ,4, 168-178.
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8. Delecluse,C.,Coppenolle,V.H., Leemputte,V.M., RGoris, M. 1995.Find all citations by this author (default).Or filter your current search Influence of high-resistance and high-velocity training on sprint performance. Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,27, 1203-1209.
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9. Faude, O., Koch, T., Meyer, T. 2012. Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in professional football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30, 625–631.
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10. Gorostiaga,E.M., Izqierdo,M.,Ruesta,M.,Iribarren,J., et al. 2004. strength training effects on physical performance and serum hormones in young soccer players. European journal of applied physiology ,698-707.
10
11. Harris, G.R., Stone, M.H., O'bryant, H. S., Proulx, C.M.,et al. 2000. Short-term performance effects of high power, high force, or combined weight-training methods. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14, 14-20.
11
12. Harris, N.K., Cronin, J.B., Hopkins, W.G., Hansen, K.T. 2008. Squat jump training at maximal power loads vs heavy loads: effect on sprint ability. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22, 1742-1749
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13. Helgrud,H., Roads,G., Kemi,O.J., Hoff,J. 2011.Strength and endurance in elite football players. Journal of sports medicine, 677-682.
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14. Hoff, J., Helgerud, J.Gran,A. 2002. Maximal strength training improves aerobic endurance performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports,12,288-295.
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15. Johnson, D. L., Bahamonde, R. 1996. Power output estimate in university athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 10, 161-166.
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16. Keir,A.K., Theriault,F., Serresse,O. 2013. Evaluation of the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test as a Measure of Repeated Sprint Ability in Collegiate-Level Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27, 1671-1678.
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17. Lopez,M.,Jose,M.,Andres,P.,Juan,J., et al. 2010. effect of 4 months of training on aerobic power, strength, and acceleration in two under- 19 soccer teams. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24, 2705-2714.
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18. Lyttle, A.D., Wilson,G.J ., Ostrowski, K. J. 1996. enhancing performance: maximal power versus combined weights and plyometrics training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , 10, 173-179.
18
19. McBride, J.M., Triplett-McBride, T., Davie, A., Newton, R.U. 2002.The effect of heavy-vs light-load jump squats on the development of strength, power, and speed. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 16, 75-82.
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20. McDonagh, M.J., Davies, C.M. 1984. Adaptive response of mammalian skeletal muscle to exercise with high loads.European Journal of Applied Physiology, 139-155
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21. Requena,B., Gonnzalez, B.J.J., Devillareal., F.S.S., Ereline, J., et al. 2009. Functional performance, maximal strength, and power characteristucs in isiometric and dynamic actions of lowe extremities in soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23, 1391-1401
21
22. Ronnestad, B.R., Kvamme, N.H., Sunde, A., Raastad, T. 2008. Short-term effects of strength and plyometric training on sprint and jump performance in professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22, 773–780.
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23. Salaj, S., Markovic, G. 2011.Specificity of jumping, sprinting, and quick change-of direction motor abilities. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25, 1249–1255.
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24. Sander. A., Keiner. M., Wirth, K., Schmidtbleicher, D. 2013. Influence of a 2-year strength training programme on power performance in elite youth soccer players. European Journal of sport science,13, 445–451.
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25. Schmidtbleicher,D.,Haralambie,G. 1981. Changes in contractile properties of muscle after strength training in man. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 46, 221-228.
25
26. Shahidi, F., Ghareh, A ., Najad Panah,M., Lotfi, G. 2012. The effect of two resistance training types on muscle fitness and anaerobic capacity in 16-18 years old male soccer players. Annals of Biological Research, 3, 2713-2717.
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27. Silva, J.R., Magalhaes, J., Ascensao, A., Seabra, A.F., et al. 2013. Training status and match activity of professional soccer players throughout a season. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27, 20–30.
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28. Storen,q.,Helgrud,J.,Stqa,E.M.,Hoff,J. 2008.maximal strength training improves running economy in distance runners. Journal of medicine and science in sports and exercise,40, 1089-1094.
28
29. Tricoli, V., Lamas,L., Carnevale, R., Ugrinowitsch, C. 2005.Short-term effectson lower-body functional power development: weightlifting vs. vertical jump training programs. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19, 433-437.
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30. Wilson, G.J., Newton, R.U., Murphy, A.J., Humphries. B.J. 1993. The optimal training load for the development of dynamic athletic performance. Journal of Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 25, 1279-1286.
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31. Wong,P., Chamari,K., Wislof,U. 2010. Effects of 12-week on field combind strentgh and power training on physical performance among u-14 young soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24, 644-652.
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32.Young, W.B., Bilby, G. E. 1993. The effect of voluntary effort to influence speed of contraction on strength, muscular power, and hypertrophy development. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 7, 172-178.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of 6 Weeks of Endurance Training on Gene Expression of GSK-3β in the Motor Area of the Spinal Cord of Male Wistar Rats with Diabetic Neuropathy
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta is a regulator key of many signaling pathways. It is reported that inhibition of this kinase increases neuronal survival. Accordingly, in this study, the effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the gene expression of GSK-3β in the motor area of the spinal cord of male Wistar rats with diabetic neuropathy was investigated. For this aim, 16 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: healthy control, healthy trained, neuropathy control, neuropathy trained. Intraperitoneal injection of a STZ (streptozotocin) solution (45 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes. 2 weeks after STZ injection, the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia tests demonstrated the diabetic neuropathy. A moderate endurance training protocol was performed for 6 weeks. 24 hours after the last training session, the rats were sacrificed and the L4-L6 motor neurons of the spinal cord tissue were removed. GSK-3β mRNA expression was performed using Real Time-PCR. Statistical analysis showed that neuropathy trained group experienced a decrease in the GSK-3β expression compared with neuropathy control group (P=0.02). On the other hand, there was a significant difference between healthy control and neuropathy control groups (P=0.02), that is to say the gene expression increased in neuropathy control group. However, there was no significant difference between healthy control and neuropathy trained groups. The results show that one of the factors involved in the spread of damage to motor neurons of diabetic neuropathy is incremental regulation of mRNAGSK-3β and training as a non-pharmacotherapy strategy can modulate and return it to normal levels. Therefore, it is suggested that GSK-3β should receive attention as a novel treatment target in diabetes.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64756_277eea5d88d3dfddd10200bf194cad86.pdf
2017-11-22
333
349
10.22059/jsb.2018.64756
diabetic neuropathy
Endurance training
GSK-3β
motor area of spinal cord
Faranak
Sadeghi
sadeghifaranak@yahoo.com
1
.PhD Student, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
GHarakhanlou
ghara_re@tm.ac.ir
2
Assosiate Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Masoud
Rahmati
rahmati.mas@lu.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khoram Abaad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mansoureh
Movahedin
movahed.m@modares.ac.ir
4
Professor, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of 6 Weeks of Endurance Training on Gene Expression of GSK-3β in the Motor Area of the Spinal Cord of Male Wistar Rats with Diabetic Neuropathy
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta is a regulator key of many signaling pathways. It is reported that inhibition of this kinase increases neuronal survival. Accordingly, in this study, the effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the gene expression of GSK-3β in the motor area of the spinal cord of male Wistar rats with diabetic neuropathy was investigated. For this aim, 16 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: healthy control, healthy trained, neuropathy control, neuropathy trained. Intraperitoneal injection of a STZ (streptozotocin) solution (45 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes. 2 weeks after STZ injection, the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia tests demonstrated the diabetic neuropathy. A moderate endurance training protocol was performed for 6 weeks. 24 hours after the last training session, the rats were sacrificed and the L4-L6 motor neurons of the spinal cord tissue were removed. GSK-3β mRNA expression was performed using Real Time-PCR. Statistical analysis showed that neuropathy trained group experienced a decrease in the GSK-3β expression compared with neuropathy control group (P=0.02). On the other hand, there was a significant difference between healthy control and neuropathy control groups (P=0.02), that is to say the gene expression increased in neuropathy control group. However, there was no significant difference between healthy control and neuropathy trained groups. The results show that one of the factors involved in the spread of damage to motor neurons of diabetic neuropathy is incremental regulation of mRNAGSK-3β and training as a non-pharmacotherapy strategy can modulate and return it to normal levels. Therefore, it is suggested that GSK-3β should receive attention as a novel treatment target in diabetes.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64758_4c360a875a3dcaa50178b2402938fc54.pdf
2017-11-22
351
369
10.22059/jsb.2018.64758
diabetic neuropathy
Endurance training
GSK-3β
motor area of spinal cord
Ali
Emami
aliemami2@yahoo.com
1
Ph.D. in Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Movement, Sport Sciences Faculty , Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
ASghar
Tofighi
a.tofighi@urmia.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Movement, Sport Sciences Faculty , Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Siyamak
Rezaei Asri
3
Department of Clinical Pathology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
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1
2. Bongers CC, Thijssen DH, Veltmeijer MT, Hopman MT, Eijsvogels TM. (2014). “Precooling and percooling (cooling during exercise) both improve performance in the heat: a meta-analytical review”. British Journal of Sports Medicine, bjsports-2013-092928.
2
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29
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31
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32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of 6 Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Plasma Levels of Apelin and Nitric Oxide in Inactive middle Aged Men
Vasodilators are one of the key regulators of blood pressure and cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high intensity interval training on apelin and nitric oxide changes as vasodilators and regulators of blood pressure. In this study, apelin and nitric oxide were measured before and after 6 weeks of interval training. For this purpose, 2 groups: experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) of middle aged men (age range 45-55) in Tehran city were randomly selected. High intensity interval training protocol consisted of 10 intervals (45 seconds with 85-90% of heart rate reserve and 2 minutes of recovery) which was performed by the experimental group in 6 weeks. At the end of the third week, intensity of training increased to 12 training intervals and 90 seconds of recovery. 48 hours after the last training session, blood samples and anthropometric measures and body composition were taken. The results showed that 6 weeks of high intensity interval training intervention significantly increased apelin (P=0.001) and nitric oxide (P=0.001) while it significantly reduced systolic (P=0.001) and diastolic (P=0.002) blood pressures in the experimental group. The results indicated the beneficial effect of exercise on apelinergic system and blood pressure and also showed that those with high blood pressure may have high intensity interval activity. However, this idea requires further research on the role of high intensity interval training and its relationship with blood pressure.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64759_0383acb514b7e6db309d1f816f62210f.pdf
2017-11-22
371
382
10.22059/jsb.2018.64759
apelin
blood pressure
cardiovascular system
high intensity interval training
Siroos
Choobineh
choobineh@ut.ac.ir
1
. Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Shabkhiz
shabkhiz@ut.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hafez
Rahimzadeh
hafeztkd@gmail.com
3
PhD Student of Exercise Physiology of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Barzegari Marvast
4
. PhD Student of Exercise Physiology of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
American College of Sports Medicine. Position stand: exercise and hypertension. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36: 533-553.
1
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29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Upper and Lower Body Interval Exercise on Fat Metabolism in Obese Women
The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of upper and lower body interval exercise on fat metabolism in obese individuals. 12 obese women (body mass index 31.1±5.5 kg/m2, age 32.9±7.08 years) voluntarily participated in the study and performed a session of interval exercise on a cycle ergometer and another session on arm cranking ergometer with one-week interval, 2 min. of activity at 85% of VO2max and 4 min. of active recovery at 45% of VO2max for 30 min. Two blood samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise. To calculate fat oxidation, oxygen consumption and expired CO2 were measured. Glycerol concentration increased significantly (P<0.05) following the interval exercise although the no significant differences were observed between upper and lower body interval exercise (P>0.05). Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) decreased following the upper body interval exercise, while, it increased following lower body interval exercise (P<0.05). Fat oxidation for total activities during lower body exercise was significantly (P<0.05) higher than upper body exercise, but, there was no significant difference in fat oxidation for sets and their total between the two sessions of exercise (P>0.05). Based on the findings of the present study, lipolysis increases following interval exercise in obese women and lower body interval exercise is more effective when burning fat than upper body interval exercise. Therefore, it is suggested that individuals should concentrate on lower body exercises to increase fat oxidation.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64771_8bdef2bdc96d401c720a2cc65e3b3a63.pdf
2017-11-22
383
398
10.22059/jsb.2018.64771
Minoo
Basami
mbassami@yahoo.co.uk
1
.Assistant Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Core Research of health physiology and physical activity, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sajad
Ahmadizad
s_ahmadizad@sbu.ac.ir
2
.Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sayeh
Hatefi
sayeh_h123@yahoo.com
3
MSc of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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12.Ehrman, Jonathan K; Gordon, Paul M; Visich, Paul S; Keteyian, Steven J (2013). Clinical exercise physiology. Human Kinetics.
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13.Frayn, K.N (1983). "Calculation of substrate oxidation rates in vivo from gaseous exchange". Journal of Applied Physiology; Vol 55 (No 2) pp; 628-634.
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14.Frayn, K.N (2010). "Fat as a fuel: emerging understanding of the adipose tissue–skeletal muscle axis". Actaphysiologica; Vol 199 (No 4) pp; 509-518.
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15.Helge, Jørn Wulff (2010). "Arm and leg substrate utilization and muscle adaptation after prolonged low‐intensity training". Actaphysiologica; Vol 199 (No 4) pp; 519-528.
15
16.Helge, J.W; Damsgaard, R; Overgaard, K; Andersen, J.L; Donsmark, M; Dyrskog, S.E; Daugaard, J.R (2008). "Low‐intensity training dissociates metabolic from aerobic fitness". Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports; Vol 18 (No 1) pp; 86-94.
16
17.Hooker, Steven P; Wells, Christine L; Manore, Melinda M; Philip, Stephanie A; Martin, N.I.C.K (1990). "Differences in epinephrine and substrate responses between arm and leg exercise". Medicine and science in sports and exercise; Vol 22 (No 6), pp; 779-784.
17
18.Horowitz, Jeffrey F (2003). "Fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue during exercise". Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism; Vol 14(No 8) pp; 386-392.
18
19.Hughson, R.L (1984). "Alterations in the oxygen deficit‐oxygen debt relationships with beta‐adrenergic receptor blockade in man". The Journal of physiology; Vol 349 (No 1) pp; 375-387.
19
20.Kang, J; Chaloupka, Edward C; Mastrangelo, Alysia M; Angelucci, J.O.H.N (1999). Physiological responses to upper body exercise on an arm and a modified leg ergometer. Medicine and science in sports and exercise; Vol 31 (No 10), pp; 1453-1459.
20
21.Knechtle, B; Müller, G; Knecht, H (2004). "Optimal exercise intensities for fat metabolism in handbike cycling and cycling". Spinal cord; Vol 42(No 10) pp; 564-572.
21
22.Nguyen, Thang; Lau, David CW (2012). "The obesity epidemic and its impact on hypertension". Canadian Journal of Cardiology; Vol 28 (No 3) pp; 326-333.
22
23.Noland, Robert C (2015). Chapter Three-Exercise and Regulation of Lipid Metabolism. "Progress in molecular biology and translational science". 135 pp; 39-74.
23
24.Ogunbode, A.M; Ladipo, M.M.A; Ajayi, I.O; Fatiregun, A.A (2011). "Obesity: an emerging disease". Nigerian journal of clinical practice; Vol 14 (No 4) pp; 390-394.
24
25.Pendergast, David R (1989). "Cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic responses to upper body exercise". Medicine and science in sports and exercise; Vol 21(5 Suppl) pp; S121-5.
25
26.Phillips, Vicky (2009). Effects of Exercise Training Modalities on Fat Oxidation in Overweight and Obese Women (Doctoral dissertation, University of Otago).
26
27.Stefan Bircher and Beat Knechtle. (2004). Relationship between Fat Oxidation and Lactate Threshold in Athletes and Obese Women and Men. J Sports Sci Med. 3(3): 174–181.
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28.Stisen AB, Stougaard O, Langfort J, Helge JW, Sahlin K, Madsen K.( 2006). Maximal fat oxidation rates in endurance trained and untrained women. 98(5):497-506
28
29.Trapp, E Gail; Chisholm, Donald J; Boutcher, Stephen H (2007). "Metabolic response of trained and untrained women during high-intensity intermittent cycle exercise". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology; Vol 293 (No 6) pp; R2370-R2375.
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30.Whyte, Laura J; Ferguson, Carrie; Wilson, John; Scott, Robert A; Gill, Jason M (2013). Effects of single bout of very high-intensity exercise on metabolic health biomarkers in overweight/obese sedentary men. Metabolism; Vol 62 (No 2) pp; 212-219.
30
31.World Health Organization. 2015. Obesity and overweight. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of 10 Weeks of Resistance Training with Vaccinium Arctostaphylos Supplementation on Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women with Type II Diabetes
Type II diabetes is a metabolic disorder that results in different undesirable effects such as cardiovascular diseases. Different methods such as correction of lifestyle and nutrition are suggested to prevent its undesirable effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of 10 weeks of resistance training with Vaccinium arctostaphylos supplementation on some cardiovascular risk factors in women with type II diabetes. In a semi-experimental study, 31 middle-aged women with type II diabetes (mean age 41.12±3.76 years, weight 79.15±7.9 kg and body mass index (BMI) 30.70±2.26) voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly assigned to four groups: control (C), training (T), supplement (S) and combined (supplement + training) (ST) and followed their training protocol and supplementation for 10 weeks. Training group conducted resistance training with weights for major muscles with 40-85% of one repetition maximum (1RM) for 10 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Supplement group daily took 2 capsules (each 500mg) of Vaccinium arctostaphylos twice a day (at breakfast and lunch). Combined group had training and supplementation together while the control group did not participate in any intervention. Blood samples were collected before training and 48 hours after the last training session to measure triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin resistance. Two-way ANOVA (2*4) was used for data analysis at significance level of 0.05. The results showed a significant decrease in FBG and insulin resistance in both training and supplement groups (P<0.05). The effect of training was significant on TG, TC, LDL and HDL, but the effect of the supplement was not significant on the above mentioned factors (P˃0.05). It seems that resistance training influences lipid profile and insulin resistance and Vaccinium arctostaphylos supplement improves undesirable effects of diabetes.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64780_1f957ce0c20297507a792b95acfe644c.pdf
2017-11-22
399
413
10.22059/jsb.2018.64780
Cardiovascular Risk Factors
resistance training
type 2 diabetes
Vaccinium arctostaphylos supplement
Javad
Vakili
vakili.tu@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor in Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Naser
Aghamohammadzadeh
nase.aghamohamad@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Tannaz
Mirza alilu
3
MSc in Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Comparison of Nerve Conduction Velocity of Dominant and Non-Dominant Lower Limb in Athletes and Non-Athletes
The aim of this study was to compare nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of lower limb in 3 groups (each group 8 subjects): soccer players (SOC), mid-endurance runners (MR), endurance runners (ER) and a control group (C) with the age range of 21-26. To evaluate electroneurography parameters and conduction velocity of each subject, separate peripheral nerve test with the electroneurography system (ENG) was performed. For data analysis, analysis of variance was used to compare mean nerve conduction velocity in dominant and non-dominant limbs of all groups and Tukey post hoc test was used in case of a difference among the groups. The results for both DL and NDL reported significant differences between MR and ER (P=0) (P=0) and between SOC and ER (P=0) (P=0). Also, there were significant differences between MR and C (P=0.002) (P=0.002) and between SOC and C (P=0) (P=0.013). In terms of the differences of DL and NDL, a significant difference was observed only in SOC (P=0.04). Based on the present study, it can be stated that probably nerve conduction of lower limb of athletes has developed mostly in higher intensity sports and it may be related to their similar energy systems. Also, dominant leg and a concentration on this leg is higher in training patterns of changing environment than mere endurance fields with constant environmental stimuli
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64787_c9648d26972ca2043e011d3250dd5a05.pdf
2017-11-22
415
429
10.22059/jsb.2018.64787
dominant limb (DL)
endurance and mid-endurance
nerve conduction velocity (NCV)
non-dominant limb (NDL)
soccer
Say mostafa
Sarabzadeh
m.sarab68@yahoo.com
1
MSc in Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Mashhad Branch, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Shariatzadeh Jonadi
shariatzade221@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor and Faculty Member, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Bita
Bordbar Azari
bi_bordbar@yahoo.com
3
PhD Student in Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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4
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13.”Ganong's review of Medical Physiology”. 23rd edition. p. 295
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15
16.Hosseyni S.D. (2002) . “The effect of plyometric trainings on the electroneurography and electromyography parameters in the athletes”.Tarbiat Modares University of iran, faculty of Humanities. MS Thesis.
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18.Hung J.W : chia W.L: pei W.W : shu H.Y : lin L.W (2009). “effect of 12-week tai chi chuan exercise on peripheral eripheral nerve mo ripheral nerve modulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus”. Kor Diab. 34(2); 101-10.
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23.Nemati karimavi, H.A. seyed nouzadi, S.M. hasanabadi, H (2006). “the effect of exercise on posterior tibial nerve conduction velocity”. Iranian journal of neurology.5(2).66-75
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24.Oh SJ (2003). “Clinical electromyography: nerve conduction studies”. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 123-30
24
25.Pawlak M , Kaczmarek D (2010). “Field hockey players have different values of ulnar and tibial motor nerve conduction velocity than soccer and tennis players”. Arch Ital Biol, Dec;148(4):365-76 .J Sports Med Phys Fitness. [2012, 52(2):212-220]
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27.Richard A. Schmidt (1991).” Motor learning and performance from principles to practice”. First publish, P:122-26
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30
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32.Taipale RS, Mikkola J, Vesterinen V, Nummela A, Häkkinen K (2013). “Neuromuscular adaptations during combined strength and endurance training in endurance runners: maximal versus explosive strength training or a mix of both”. Eur J Appl Physiol. Feb;113(2):325-35.
32
33.Teixeira F,d , Gonzalo R.F, Murua J.H, Bresciani G, Gutierrez A.J, Fernandez J.A (2011). “Elastic band training for multiple sclerosis patients”. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 23: 307–311
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34.Topp K.S. and Boyd B.S (2006). “Structure and biomechanics of peripheral nerves: nerve responses to physical stresses and implications for physical therapist practice”. Phys. Ther., 86: 92-109,
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35.Wallace C, Winchester JB, McGuigan MR (2006). “Effects of elastic bands on force and power characteristics during the back squat exercise”. J Strength Cond Res, 20: 268–272.
35
36.Watanabe T , Sakakibara N , Sugimori H , Yabumoto T , Takeyama T , Takemura M , Seishima M , Matsuoka T (2012). “Effect of long-term physical exercise of peripheral nerve: comparison of nerve conduction study and ultrasonography”. J sport med phys fitness. Apr: 52(2): 212-20
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37.Wei SH, Jong YJ, Chang YJ (2005). “Ulnar nerve conduction velocity in injured baseball pitchers”. Arch Phys Med rehabil;86:21-5.
37
38.Zion ES, De Meersman AS, Diamond DS, Bloomfield MA.(2003). “Home-based resistance-training program using elastic band for elderly patients with orthostatic hypotension”. Lin auton Res.13(4):286-92.
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Comparison of QTc among Elite, Club and Beginner Male Athletes at Rest and in Exhaustive Exercise
One of the reasons of sudden death in sport is the prolonged QT interval. The aim of this study was to compare QTc of electrocardiography of elite, club and beginner male athletes. 7 male athletes of canoe national team, 10 male football players of Niroo-E-Zamini club and 10 male non-athlete students were selected as the sample. The mean and SD were as follows: elite subjects: age 22.42±2.43 yrs, height 182.14±4.29 cm, weight 81.28±6.16 kg and BMI 24.53±2.13; club subjects: age 20.30±0.48 yrs, height 177.5±4.27 cm, weight 71.6±6.44 kg and BMI 22.69±1.47; beginner subjects: age 20.20±1.93 yrs, height 176.4±4.71 cm, weight 70.92±7.5 kg and BMI 22.77±2.13. All subjects participated in Bruce protocol until exhaustion. Before and after the Bruce test, their ECG was recorded with ECG Machine. After QTc time interval was calculated, the results were extracted by MANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test. The results showed a significant difference in QTc time interval at rest and exhaustion among the 3 groups (P<0.001). Also, QTc time interval at rest (P<0.001) and exhaustion (P<0.01) significantly increased from beginner to elite athletes. Therefore, it can be concluded that exercise and physical fitness may increase the ventricular depolarization and repolarization and heart function.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64788_2968109dd63111a23d6bc1acf6bc0b19.pdf
2017-11-22
431
441
10.22059/jsb.2018.64788
club athlete
beginner athlete
eCG
elite athlete
QTc time interval
Ali Reza
Kashef
kashefalireza@gmail.com
1
M.Sc Student of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Frashad
GHazaleyan
farshadghazalian@yahoo.com
2
. Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nader
shakeri
nadershakeri@gmail.com
3
. Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
اسمیت، دنیس ال؛ بو فرنهال (1392). فیزیولوژی ورزشی قلبی عروقی پیشرفته، ترجمۀ عباسعلی گائینی، سیروس چوبینه، تهران: سمت، چ دوم.
1
تامپسون، پل دی (1389). قلبشناسی ورزشی و فعالیت بدنی، ترجمۀ ولیاله دبیدی روشن و دیگران، مازندران: دانشگاه مازندران.
2
جعفری، افشار؛ کندی، هاشم؛ رحیمی، رسول؛ اکبر زاد، علیرضا (1388). «تغییرات شاخصهای ساختاری و عملکردی قلب مردان نخبۀ سهگانهکار»، مجلهۀ فیزیولوژی ورزشی، 1(2)، ص 9-1.
3
حاجی قاسمی، علیرضا (1387). مقایسۀ ساختار و عملکرد قلب دانشآموزان پسر ورزشهای منتخب هوازی و بیهوازی با همسالان غیر ورزشکار، پایاننامۀ کارشناسیارشد، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی تهران.
4
حسینی، معصومه؛ آقاعلینژاد، حمید؛ پیری، مقصود؛ حاج صادقی، شکوفه ( 1386). «تأثیر تمرینات استقامتی، مقاومتی و ترکیبی بر ساختار قلب دختران دانشگاهی»، مجلۀ المپیک، 4(44)، ص 38 -29.
5
حسینی، معصومه؛ پیری، مقصود؛ آقاعلینژاد، حمید (1389). «تأثیر تمرینات استقامتی، قدرتی و موازی بر عملکرد قلب دختران دانشگاهی»، مجلۀ المپیک، 1(49)، ص 117-126.
6
حسینی، معصومه (1390). «تأثیر تمرین با وزنه بر برخی ویژگیهای ساختاری و عملکردی قلب زنان غیرورزشکار»، مجلۀ فیزیولوژی ورزشی، 3(12)، ص 104 -90.
7
ساجیو، مایکل اس (1392). عملکرد قلبی – ریوی طی فعالیت ورزشی در بیماران قلبی، ترجمۀ فرهاد دریانوش و دیگران، تهران: حتمی.
8
گائینی، عباسعلی؛ کاظمی، فهیمه؛ مهدیآبادی، جواد؛ شفیعی نیک، لیلا (1389). «تأثیر 8 هفته تمرین هوازی تناوبی و یک دورۀ بیتمرینی پس از آن بر ساختار و عملکرد بطن چپ»، مجلۀ علوم پزشکی زاهدان.13(9)، ص 20-16.
9
محمدپور دهباری، امید (1391). مقایسۀ ساختار و عملکرد قلب دانشجویان فوتبالیست دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد با افراد غیر ورزشکار، پایاننامۀ کارشناسیارشد، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
10
وایت، گریگ، سانجای شارما (1393). الکتروکاردیوگرام (ECG) کاربردی برای علوم ورزشی و طب ورزشی، ترجمۀ فرهاد دریانوش و دیگران، تهران: حتمی.
11
12
Basavarajaiah, S., et.al.(2007), [prevalence and significence od an isolated long QT interval in elite athletes], European heart journal, no.28 pp. 2944-2949.
13
Bazett HC. [An analysis of time-relations of electrocardiograms]. Heart 1920;7:353–370.
14
CorradoD,PellicciaA,HeidbuchelH,SharmaS,LinkM,BassoC,etal(2010).[Recommendationsforinerpretationof12-lead electrocardiogram in the athlete]. EurHeartJ;31:243–59.
15
Corrado D, Basso C, Pavei A, Michieli P, Schiavon M, Thiene G.(2006). [Trends in sudden cardiovascular death in young competitive athletes after implementation of a preparticipation screening program]. JAMA;296:1593–1601.
16
GatiS,ChandraN,BennettRL,ReedM,KervioG,PanoulasVF,etal(2013).[Increasedleft ventricular trabeculation in highly trained athletes:do we need more stringentcriteriaforthe diagnosis of left ventricularnon-compactioninathletes?] Heart;99:401–8.
17
Kimberly, G.et.al.(2014), [Incidence of sudden cardiac death in ahletes], B J S M pp.1-9.
18
Mahdiabadi, J., A.A .Gaeini, F. Kazemi, and M.A. Mahdiabadi. (2013).[The effect of aerobic continuous and interval training on left ventricular structure and function in male non-athletes]. Biology of sport. Sep;30(3):207-214.
19
Merghani, A., malhora, A. and sharmass.,(2015), [The U-shaped relationship between exercise and cardiac mobidity], trends in cardiovascular medicins, ElSEVIER pp.1-7.
20
Preeshagul, I., R. Gharbaran, K.H. Jeong, A. Abdel-Razek. (2013).[Potential biomarkers for predicting outcomes in CABG cardiothoracic surgeries]. Journal of cardiothoracic surgery. Jul 18;8(1):176-187.
21
Stansfield, W.E., M. Ranek, A. Pendse, J.C .Schisler, S .Wang, T .Pulinilkunnil, M.S. Willis (2014).[The Pathophysiology of Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure]. New England Journal of Medicine Feb 28;32(1):21-32.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of 4 Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training on Pro-Angiogenesis Gene Expression of Endothelial Cells in Skeletal Muscle of Rats
Mir-210 is pro-angiogenic micro-RNA in endothelial cells that improves angiogenesis process by suppressing (EphrinA3) and increasing the migration of some gene and protein targets (VEGF). In this study, 12 male rats (age: 8 weeks, mean weight: 180±20 g) were selected and randomly divided into control (n=6) and exercise (n=6) groups. High intensity interval training was performed for 4 weeks, 5 days a week including 3 high intervals (4 minutes at 90-100% of VO2max) and 3 low intervals (2 minutes at 50-60% VO2max). Gene expression was calculated by Real time-PCR technique and 2-∆∆CT. Independent t test was used to determine the significance of variables between the groups.The results showed that high intensity interval training significantly changed the increase of gene expression of Mir-210 and VEGF (P=0.005) (P=0.003). Also, the decrease in gene expression of EphrinA3 receptor in the exercise group was significant compared with the control group (P=0.000). Generally, perhaps due to hypoxiawhich happened along with high intensity interval training, increased gene expression of Mir-210 and VEGF improved the pro-angiogenic function of endothelial cells and this adaptation increased angiogenesis in rats.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64791_1f32d8533f510de96965995a530f765c.pdf
2017-11-22
443
456
10.22059/jsb.2018.64791
angiogenesis
high intensity interval training
MicroRNA
vascular endothelial growth factor
Mohsen
Aminizadeh
mohsen.aminizadeh@gmail.com
1
PhD Student of Health in Disaster and Emergency Situations, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahad
Shafiee
ahad.shafie312@yahoo.com
2
MSc in Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammas Reza
Kordi
mrkordi@ut.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahla sadat
Nabavi Zadeh
4
. MSc in injuries and corrective exercises, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR