ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Response of Fitness Factors to Training Periods in Different Ages
Response to exercise training is different in variable age range, but it has not determined the differences physical response in Children, adults and youth. According to this idea, the purpose of present study is a randomized trial to compare the Effect of age on physical response in different periods to fitness training in various ages period. 36 participants voluntarily were randomized at three ranges of age included: 8 to 10 age group: 12 to 14 age group : 17 to 19 age group training divided into three groups of experimental in each age group. Mean SE of age was 8.83 ± 0.5year, adolescent 12.5 + 0.5 year and youth 16.3 + 0.6 year. The program included endurance, strength and flexibility training 3 times per week for 12 weeks. agility, coordination, sergeant jump, hand power, cardiovascular endurance, and modified push-up measured pre and post first 6 weeks and second 6 weeks training. Data analyzed by repeated measure and one ways of ANOVA and Benfroni post hoc test showed that body indexes is better in adolescent group and fitness indexes are better in children and youth group(P<0.05). Based on this study, improving health indicators for intra-group changes in all groups were observed especially in the beginning training, probably, it’s due to lower movement experiences. Although Between-group variation in health indicators, especially in adolescents, probably due to the added stress of exercise is associated with developmental stress especially in the course experience. The difference in performance between the groups of indicators for the effects of growth effects, hormonal changes and motor perception in different ages.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_53209_37fe6eb9a43614767200d02a56971aea.pdf
2022-12-24
365
382
10.22059/jsb.2015.53209
Children
Adolescence
Youth
physical fitness
physical adaptation
Farnaz
Torabi
torabift@yahoo.com
1
Assistants prof. of physical education of Payame Noor University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kiya
Ranjbar
kia.ranjbar1365@gmail.com
2
Ph.D Student of exercise phyiology of Modares University
AUTHOR
Sara
Soori
sari.fanoos@gmail.com
3
Bachelor Student of motor Behavior, University of Razi Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
. باقرزاده، فضلالله؛ شیخ، محمود؛ شهبازی، مهدی و طهماسبی بروجنی، شهرزاد (1386)، بررسی ارتباط تواناییهای حرکتی با آنتروپومتریکی و فعالیت جسمانی دانشآموزان 12تا 15 سالۀ شهر تهران، نشریۀ حرکت، شمارۀ 33، صص85- 77.
1
2. بومپا، تئودور (1383)، اصول و روششناسی تمرین از کودکی تا قهرمانی، خسرو ابراهیم، هاجر دشتی دربندی، پژوهشکدۀ تربیت بدنی.
2
3. شیخ، محمود، شهبازی، مهدی و طهماسبی بروجنی، شهرزاد (1390)، سنجش و اندازهگیری در تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، چاپ هفتم، تهران، بامداد کتاب،174-160.3
3
4. قراخانلو، رضا؛ کردی، محمدرضا؛ گائینی، عباسعلی؛ علیزاده، محمدحسین؛ واعظ موسوی، سید محمدکاظم و کاشف، مجید (1390)، آزمونهای سنجش آمادگی جسمانی، مهارتی و روانی ورزشکاران نخبۀ رشتههای مختلف ورزش، چاپ دوم، تهران، عصر انتظار،28-26و31.
4
5. کاتلین ام. هی وود، رشد و تکامل حرکتی در طول عمر (1385)، مهدی نمازیزاده، محمدعلی اصلانخانی، چاپ هفتم، تهران، انتشارات سمت، 368-411.
5
6. گالاهو، د. اُزمون، ج. (1383). درک رشد حرکتی در دوران کودکی، نوجوانی و بزرگسالی. ترجمۀ عباس بهرام، محسن شفیعزاده، تهران، نشر بامداد.
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7. مالینا، رابرت م؛ بوچارد، کلود (1381). نمو، بالیدگی و فعالیت بدنی. ترجمۀ عباس بهرام و حسن خلجی، تهران، انتشارات امید دانش.
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8. Armstrong, N., Kirby, B. J., McManus, A. M., & Welsman, J. R. (1997). Prepubescents' ventilatory responses to exercise with reference to sex and body size. CHEST Journal, 112(6), 1554-1560.
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9. Armstrong, N. and J.R. Welsman (1994). “Assessment and interpretation of aerobic fitness in children and adolescents”. Exercise sports science Review, 22, 435-476.
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10. Armstrong, N., and J.R. Welsmen (2001). Peak oxygen uptake in relation to growth and maturation in 11 to 17 year old human. Eur.J.Appl.Physiol. 85:546-551.
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11. Armstrong, N., Tomkinson, G., & Ekelund, U. (2011). Aerobic fitness and its relationship to sport, exercise training and habitual physical activity during youth. British journal of sports medicine, 45(11), 849-858.
11
12. Baljinder Singh et al (2006). Effect of a short term plyometric training program of agility in young baskertball player. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity 271-278, (ISSN 1981-6324).
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13. Baltimore Lippincott,Williams & Wilkins (2000).American College of Sports Medicine.ACS'M Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription,(6 th ed).
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14. García-Hermoso, A., Saavedra, J. M., Escalante, Y., & Domínguez, A. M. (2014). Effects of a long-term physical exercise program with and without diet on obese boys after six-month detraining. World Journal of Pediatrics, 10(1), 38-45.
14
15. Gunter, K. B., Almstedt, H. C., & Janz, K. F. (2012). Physical activity in childhood may be the key to optimizing lifespan skeletal health. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 40(1), 13.
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16. Jakicic, J.M., & D.O. Amy (2005). "Physical Activity Consideration for the Treatment and Prevention of Obesity". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 21(2): 105-13.
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17. Klausen, K.,B. Schibye, and B. Rasmussen (1989). A Longitudinal study of change in physical activity of 10-to15-yearold girls and boys. In: Children and exercise XIII.S. Oseid and K.-H. Carlsen (edu). Champaign, IL: Human kinetics, pp.113-122.
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18. Malina, R.M., and C. Bouchard. Growth, maturation, and physical activity(2000). Champaign, IL: Human kinetics,.muzaini, K.S. Optimal peak and mean power on the wingate test: Relationship with sprint ability, vertical jump, and standing long jump in boys. Pediatr. Exerc.Sci. 12:349-359.
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19. McNarry, M., & Jones, A. (2012). The influence of training status on the aerobic and anaerobic responses to exercise in children: A review.
19
20. Moore, J. B., W. Beets, M., J. Barr-Anderson, D., & Evenson, K. R. (2013). Sedentary time and vigorous physical activity are independently associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in middle school youth. Journal of sports sciences(ahead-of-print), 1-6.
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21. Mucci, P., Baquet, G., Nourry, C., Deruelle, F., Berthoin, S., & Fabre, C. (2012). Exercise testing in children: Comparison in ventilatory thresholds changes with interval‐training. Pediatric Pulmonology.
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22. Pearsona D.T., Naughtonb G.A., Torodea M. (2006). Predictability of physiological testing and the role of maturation in talent identification for adolescent team sports, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 9, 277—287.
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23. Pettersen, S. A., & Mathisen, G. E. (2012). Effect of Short Burst Activities on Sprint and Agility Performance in 11-to 12-Year-Old Boys. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(4), 1033.
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24. Rowland, T.W., and L.N. Cunningham (1997). Development of ventilatory responses to exercise in normal white children. Chest 11:327-332.
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25. Slentz C.A, B.D. Duscha, J.L. Johnson, et al. (2004). "Effects of the Amount of Exercise on Body Weight, Body Composition, and Measures of Central Obesity". Arch Intern Med. Jan 12; 164(1): 31-9.
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26. Toubekis, A.G., Tsami, A.P., Smilios, I.G., Douda, H.T., & Tokmakidis, S.P. (2011). Training-Induced Changes on Blood Lactate Profile and Critical Velocity in Young Swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(6), 1563.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Acute Effects of 30 h Sleep Deprivation on Serum levels of C-Reactive Protein and Physiological Factors of RAST Test in Active Students
Sleep deprivation has negative effects on performance and resulted in elevating of mortality risk, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 30 hour sleep deprivation on serum levels of C-reactive protein, blood lactate, muscular strength and Physiological factors of RAST test in active students. The present study was a semi-experimental one which used a pretest-posttest design. 20 healthy male student (age: 20.5±3 y, height: 171±9.5 cm, weight: 69.50±7.45 kg, and body fat: 14±2.5) by minimum one session activity in week were selected with cluster-random sampling. Subjects 7 days before sleep deprivation and after 8 hours of complete sleep were performed anaerobic power (RAST) and one repetition maximum tests. In order to measure blood lactate, 6 minutes after RAST test, and serum levels of C-reactive protein, 30 minutes before begin tests, blood samples were collected. Seven day's later, after a 30 hours' sleep deprivation, these tests were performed again. In order to statistical analysis software SPSS version 20 and the independent t-test were used. Statistical analysis of the results showed that 30 hours of sleep deprivation can induce to significant reduction in max power, mean power and min anaerobic power, and the C-reactive protein levels, lactate and fatigue index increased significantly (p<0.05). But, had no effect on muscle strength. To maintain health and optimal sport's performance, it seems to be necessary control of sleep's rate of active individuals and athletes. Also, in order to minimize inflammatory conditions, and thus possible reduction the cardio-vascular risk factors, individuals would be informed about likely negative and side effects of periods of sleep deprivation.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_53210_c2c800ecebe098152c9fa31d24b2c394.pdf
2015-01-21
383
397
10.22059/jsb.2015.53210
sleep deprivation
C-reactive protein
fatigue index
anaerobic power
Hamid
Arazi
hamidarazi@yahoo.com
1
Associate Professor, Exercise Physiology Department, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kako
Hosseini
termeakhar@yahoo.com
2
PhD Student of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Razi, Kermanshah, Iran,
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Zahed Abolhasani
mr.zahed457@yahoo.com
3
MSc Student of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
. اراضی، حمید؛ اسدی، عباس؛ حسینی، کاکو؛ محمدزاده سلامت، خالد؛ پیری کرد، خالد (1390). "تأثیر 30 ساعت بیخوابی بر زمان عکسالعمل، هماهنگی عصبی- عضلانی و ظرفیت هوازی دانشجویان پسر غیرورزشکار". افق دانش؛ فصلنامۀ دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی گناباد. 17 (2)، 21- 14.
1
2. شیخ، محمود؛ شهبازی، مهدی؛ طهماسبی بروجنی، شهزاد (1390). "سنجش و اندازهگیری در تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی". چاپ هفتم، تهران، انتشارات بامداد کتاب، ص 175.
2
3. قراخانلو، رضا؛ کردی، محمدرضا؛ گائینی، عباسعلی؛ علیزاده، محمدحسین؛ واعظ موسوی، محمدکاظم؛ کاشف، مجید؛ رجبی، حمید (1390). "آزمونهای سنجش آمادگی جسمانی، مهارتی و روانی ورزشکاران نخبۀ رشتههای مختلف ورزشی". چاپ دوم، تهران، انتشارات عصر انتظار، ص 81.
3
4. Blumert, PA. Crum, AJ. Ernsting, M. Volek, JS. Hollander, DB. Haff, EE. Haff, GG. (2007). “The acute effects of twenty-four hours of sleep loss on the performance of national-caliber male collegiate weightlifters”. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21(4): PP: 1146-54.
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5. Bulbulian, R. Heaney, JH. Leake, CN. Sucec, AA. Sjoholm, NT. (1996). “The effect of sleep deprivation and exercise load on isokinetic leg strength and endurance”. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 73(3-4): PP: 273-7.
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6. Cappuccio, F. P., Cooper, D., D'Elia, L., Strazzullo, P., & Miller, M. A. (2011). “Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies”. European Heart Journal, 32(12): PP: 1484-92.
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7. Halson, S. L. (2013). “sleep and elite athlete ”. Sports Science, 26(113): PP: 1-4.
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8. Jolanta, Orzeł-Gryglewska. (2010). “Consequences of sleep deprivation”. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. 23(1): pp: 95-114.
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9. Larkin, E. K., Rosen, C. L., Kirchner, H. L., Storfer-Isser, A., Emancipator, J. L., Johnson, N. L., ... & Redline, S. (2005). “Variation of C-reactive protein levels in adolescents association with sleep-disordered breathing and sleep duration”. Circulation, 111(15): PP: 1978-84.
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10. Lorenzoa, AD. Suchanek, P. Havel, Pj. Wiecha, JL. Finkelstien, D. Troped, PJ. (2006). “The decrease in C-reactive protein concentration after diet and physical activity induced weight reduction is associated with changes in plasma lipids, but not interlukin-6 or adiponectin”. Meta Clin and Exper. 55(3): pp: 359-365.
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11. McMurray, RG. Brown, CF. (1984). “The effect of sleep loss on high intensity exercise and recovery”. Aviat Space Environ Med.55(11): PP: 1031-5.
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12. Meney, AI. Waterhouse, BJ. Atkinson, BG. Reilly, T. Davenne, A. (1998). “The effect of one night'ssleep deprivation on temperature, mood, and physical performance in subjects with different amounts of habitual physical activity”. Chronol Intl. 15(4): PP: 349-363.
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13. Mônico-Neto, M., Antunes, H. K. M., Dattilo, M., Medeiros, A., Souza, H. S., Lee, K. S., ... & de Mello, M. T. (2013). “Resistance exercise: A non-pharmacological strategy to minimize or reverse sleep deprivation-induced muscle atrophy”. Medical hypotheses. 80(6): PP: 701-705.
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14. Mullington, J. M., Haack, M., Toth, M., Serrador, J. M., & Meier-Ewert, H. K. (2009). “Cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation”. Progress in cardiovascular diseases, 51(4): PP: 294-302.
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15. Patel, S. R., Ayas, N. T., Malhotra, M. R., White, D. P., Schernhammer, E. S., Speizer, F. E., ... & Hu, F. B. (2004). “A prospective study of sleep duration and mortality risk in women”. Sleep-new york then Westchester, 27(3): PP: 440-444.
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16. Reilly, T., & Edwards, B. (2007). “Altered sleep–wake cycles and physical performance in athletes”. Physiology & behavior, 90(2): PP: 274-284.
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17. Sadeghniiat, Khosro. Safaiyan, Alireza. Aminian, Omid. Sharifi, Forough. (2011). “Night work and inflammatory markers”. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 15(1): PP: 38–41.
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18. Samuel, J. E. Lucas, J. Greg, Anson. Craig, D. Ien, J. (2009). “The impact of 100 hours of exercise and sleep deprivation on cognitive function and physical capacities”. Journal of Sports Sciences. 27(7): pp: 46-52.
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19. Shankar, A., Koh, W. P., Yuan, J. M., Lee, H. P., & Mimi, C. Y. (2008). “Sleep duration and coronary heart disease mortality among Chinese adults in Singapore: a population-based cohort study”. American journal of epidemiology, 168(12): PP: 1367-1373.
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20. Skein, M. Duffield, R. Edge, J. Short, MJ. Mundel, T. (2011). “Intermittent-sprint performance and muscle glycogen after 30 h of sleep deprivation”. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 43(7): PP: 1301-11.
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21. Skein, M. Duffield, R. Minett, GM. Snape, A. Murphy, A. (2013). “The effect of overnight sleep deprivation following competitive rugby league matches on post-match physiological and perceptual recovery”. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 8(5): PP: 556-64
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22. Smith, RS. Reilly, T. (2005). “Athletic performance. In: Kushida C, editor. Sleep deprivation: clinical issues. pharmacology and sleep loss effects”. New York, Marcel Dekker: PP: 313–34.
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23. Souissi, N., Sesboüé, B., Gauthier, A., Larue, J., & Davenne, D. (2003). “Effects of one night's sleep deprivation on anaerobic performance the following day”. European journal of applied physiology, 89(3-4): PP: 359-366.
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24. Spiegel, K. Tasali, E. Leproult, R. Van Cauter, E.(2009). “Effects of poor and short sleep on glucose metabolism and obesity risk”. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 5: PP: 253–261.
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25. Taheri, Morteza. Arabameri, Elaheh. (2012). “The effect of sleep deprivation on choice reaction time and anaerobic power of college student athletes”. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine. 3(1): PP:15-20.
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26. Taheri, SH. Austin, D. Nieto, J. Young, T. Mignot, E. (2007). “Correlates of Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) – No Association With Sleep Duration or Sleep Disordered Breathing”.Sleep. 30(8): pp: 991-996.
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27. Takeuchi, L. Davis, GM. Plyley, M. Goode, R. shepherd, RJ. (1985). “Sleep deprivation, chronic exercise and muscular performance”. Ergonomics. 28(3): PP: 591-601.
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28. Temesi, J. Arnal, PJ. Davranche, K. Bonnefoy, R. Levy, P. Verges, S. Millet, GY. (2013). “Does central fatigue explain reduced cycling after complete sleep deprivation?”. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 45(12):PP: 2243-53.
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29. van Leeuwen, W. M., Lehto, M., Karisola, P., Lindholm, H., Luukkonen, R., Sallinen, M., ... & Alenius, H. (2009). “Sleep restriction increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases by augmenting proinflammatory responses through IL-17 and CRP”. PLoS One, 4(2), e4589.
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30. Vardar, S A. Ozturk, L. Kurt, C. Bulut, E. Sut, N. Vardar, E. (2007). “Sleep deprivation induced anxiety and anaerobic performance”. J Sport Sci Med. 6: pp: 532-537.
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31. Williamson, A M. Feyer, Anne-Marie. (2000). “Moderate sleep deprivation produces impairments in cognitive and motor performance equivalent to legally prescribed levels of alcohol intoxication”.Occup Environ Med, 57: PP: 649–655.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Combined and Endurance Exercise Training on Adipokines,GH and Lipid Profiles in Over weight Females
History & Aims:New studies show that Vaspin,Chemerin and Visfatin are correlated with overweight and obesity, but the effects of training, aren’t clearly recognized. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of endurance and combined exercise training on these plasma Adipokines, GH and lipid profile among overweight females. For this propose, 45 female student volunteers were selected (WHR:0/91+_0/47,%fat: 39/40+_3/92,BMI:29/72+_0/89kg/m2,age:20+_2/46year) and after final screening ,they were randomly divided into Three groups.12 subjects in interval endurance training (4times a week,60-80%HRmax, 25-45min interval running session), 11 subjects in combined training (2days going through similar endurance training programs and 2days resistance training: 7stations,60-80%1RM,3set 8-12 repetitions)and 10 subjects were in the control group. For surveying plasma exchanges of Adipokines and other variables,Blood Samples were taken in fasting state before and after 12 weeks of exercise training. Results showed that in combined training group, Visfatin and Vaspin had reduced significantly compared with the two other groups. Also BMI, weight, fat percent in two exercised groups reduced significantly. But WHR reduced in combined training group only. GH in exercise groups significantly increased in comparison with control group ,TCOL and TG reduced just in combined training (P<0.05). GH In combined training group significantly showed a high increase in comparison with the other two groups(P<0.05). Then we could probably say that, combination of endurance and resistance training, along development on lipid profiles due to reduced weight and Visceral fat could diminish plasma Visfatin,Vaspin and increas GH in overweight females.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_53211_8dfeb076953accfc4bbb9196f766c706.pdf
2015-01-21
399
413
10.22059/jsb.2015.53211
Combined exercise training
visfatin
vaspin
Chemerin
GH
Roya
Askari
askari7581@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali Asghar
Ravasi
rrravasi@yahoo.com
2
Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,
AUTHOR
Abbas Ali
Gaieni
aagaeini@ut.ac.ir
3
Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Hedayati
hedayati@endocrine.ac.ir
4
Associate Professor, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran,
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Hamedinia
mrhamedinia@yahoo.com
5
Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
1. حقیقی، امیرحسین؛ یاراحمدی، هادی؛ رفیعیپور، علیرضا؛ 1391،تأثیر تمرینات هوازی بر ویسفاتین سرم و برخی شاخصهای خطر سندرم سوختوسازی در مردان چاق، المپیک، شمارۀ4 (پیاپی60)، ص59- 45
1
2. حقیقی، امیرحسین؛ رواسی علیاصغر؛ گایینی، عباسعلی؛ امینیان رضوی، توراندخت؛ حامدینیا، محمدرضا؛1385، تأثیر تمرینهای مقاومتی بر سایتوکاینهای همراه التهاب و مقاومت به انسولین در مردان چاق، المپیک، شمارۀ 34،ص29- 19
2
3. محبی، حمید؛ حاجیلو، حسین؛ دمیرچی، ارسلان؛ روحانی، حسن؛ 1390، اثر شدت تمرین هوازی بر ترکیب و توزیع چربی مردان چاق، المپیک، شمارۀ4 (پیاپی54)، ص103- 91
3
4. غفارپور، معصومه؛ هوشیار راد، آناهیت؛ کیانفر، هایده؛ آلبوم مواد غذایی، (1386)، تهران، دنیای تغذیه، نشر انستیتو تحقیقات تغذیهای و صنایع غذایی کشور.
4
5. Chang, HM.; Park, HS.;Park, CY.;Song, YS.; Jang, YJ. 2010. "Association between serum vaspin concentrations and visceral adipose tissue in Korean subjects", Metabolism. 59(9):1276-81. 91(11):4702-4.
5
6. Cho, JK.; Han ,TK.; Kang, HS. 2010."Combined effects of body mass index and cardio/respiratory fitness on serum vaspin concentrations in Korean young men", Eur J Appl Physiol, 108(2):347-53.
6
7. Choi, KM.; Kim, JH.;Cho, GJ.;Baik, SH.;Park, HS.;Kim, SM. 2007. "Effect of exercise training on plasma visfatin and eotaxin levels", Eur J Endocrinol. 157(4):437-42.
7
8. ChtaraT M.2005."Effects of intra-session concurrent endurance and strength training sequence on aerobic performance and capacity".British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 555–60.
8
9. Diamon, F.M.D. 2002. "The Endocrine Function of Adipose Tissue", Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism. Twww.gghjournal.com. ; 18(2) ,22 .
9
10. Domieh ,Mohammadi, A. ; Khajehlandi ,A.2010."Effect of 8 weeks endurance training on plasma visfatin in middle-aged men", Brazilian Journal of Biom, 4(3): 174-179.
10
11. Gideon, R.; Hajer,Timon, W.;Van Haeften.; Frank, L.g.; Visseren. 2008. "Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases". Eur Heart J, 29(24):2959-71.
11
12. Goralski, K.; McCarthy, T.; Hanniman, E,Z,abel B.; Butcher, E.; Parlee, S. and et al. 2007."chemerin ,a novel adipokine that regulates adipojenesis and adipocyte metabolism".J Biol Chem, 282: 27188-28175.
12
13. Haider DG, Pleiner J, Francesconi M, Wiesinger GF, Müller M, Wolzt M . 2006."Exercise training lowers plasma visfatin concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes",J Clin Endocrinol Metab,
13
14. Hajer, GR.; van Haeften , TW.; Visseren ,FL.2008." Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases",Eur Heart J, 29(24):2959-71.
14
15. Hida, K.; Wada, J.; Eguchi ,J.; Zhang, H.; Baba, M.;Seida, A.;and et al. 2005."Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor: a unique insulin-sensitizing adipocytokine in obesity",Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102(30):10610-5.
15
16. Isozaki, O.;sushima, T.; Miyakawa, M.; Nozoe, Y.; Demura, H.; Seki ,H. 1999. "Growth hormone directly inhibits leptin gene expression in visceral fat tissue in fatty Zucker rats",J Endocrinol. 161(3):511.
16
17. Jorge, ML.; de Oliveira ,VN.; Resende, NM.; Paraiso ,LF.; Calixto, A.; Diniz, AL.; and et al. 2011 ."The effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise on metabolic control, inflammatory markers, adipocytokines, andmuscle insulin signaling in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus", Metabolism, 60(9):1244.
17
18. Keytel, LR.; Goedecke, JH.; Noakes,TD.; Hiiloskorpi , H.; Laukkanen ,R.; Merwe, L van der.; Lambert ,EV. 2005."Prediction of energy expenditure from heart rate monitoring during submaximal exercise", J Sports Sci, 23(3):289.
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20. Klöting ,N.; Berndt ,J.; Kralisch ,S.;Kovacs, P.; Fasshauer ,M.;Schön ,MR.; Stumvoll ,M.;Blüher, M. 2006."Vaspin gene expression in human adipose tissue: Association with obesity and type 2 diabetes", Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 339(1):430-6.
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23. Lee, MK.; Jekal ,Y.; Im ,JA.;Kim, E.; Lee ,SH.; Park, JH.; and et al. 2010."Reduced serum vaspin concentrations in obese children following short-term intensive lifestyle modification",Clin Chim Acta, 411(5-6):381-5.
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24. Lehrke, M.; Becker, A.; Greif, M.; Stark, R.; Laubender ,RP.; von Ziegler.; and et al." 2009.Chemerin is associated with markers of inflammation and components of the metabolic syndrome but does not predict coronary atherosclerosis", Eur J Endocrinol, 161(2):339-44.
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25. Luk, T.; Malam, Z.;Marshall ,JC. 2008. "Pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (pbef) visfatin: anovel medicator of innate immunity",J Leukoc Biol ,83:804-816.
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35. Soo Youn, B.; Klöting ,N.; Kratzsch, J.; Lee, N.; Park, Ji.;Sun Song, E. 2008."Serum Vaspin Concentrations in Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes", Diabetes j, 57 (2): 372-377.
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36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Aerobic Training on Serum Leptin Levels and Iron Status in Obese Women
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training on serum leptin levels and iron status in obese women. Twenty eight obese women were volunteered and randomly divided into two groups: aerobic training (n = 14, age 37.1 ± 4.9 yr, weight 82.0 ± 10.2 kg, body mass index 34.2 ± 4.3 kg/m2 ) and controls ((n = 14, age 37.5 ± 5.3 yr, weight 79.9 ± 9.5 kg, body mass index 34.0 ± 3.9 kg/m2 ). Subjects in the experimental group performed the aerobic training program for 9 weeks (4 sessions per week) with 65-75% of maximum heart rate. Before and after the training period, blood samples of all subjects were taken in fasting. The data were analyzed using an independent-T test and ANCOVA. Results showed no significant differences in serum leptin levels between the groups (P<0.05). But aerobic exercises caused a significant increase in serum iron and a significant decrease in serum ferritin in the experimental group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the other indicators of iron status including transferrin iron binding capacity (TIBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCH, MCHC, and MCV showed no significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). According to the results, we can say that aerobic training does not have a significant effect on serum leptin levels, but it can improve poor iron status in obese women. This improvement is probably due to the influence of other factors that has no relationship to serum leptin levels.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_53213_e3e4832f5629c7a4e7e146c52729d764.pdf
2015-01-21
415
434
10.22059/jsb.2015.53213
leptin
Obesity
iron status
Aerobic training
Amir Hossein
Haghighi
ah.haghighi@hsu.ac.ir
1
Associate Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Siences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Malihe
Shojaee
tara.malihe@gmail.com
2
M.Sc. of Exersice Physiloghy, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Siences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Hamedinia
mrhamedi1350@gmail.com
3
Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Siences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
AUTHOR
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1
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Ara, I., Perez-Gomez, J., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Chavarren, J., Dorado, C., Calbet, J. A. L. (2006). “Serum free testosterone, leptin and soluble leptin receptor changes in a 6-week strength-training programme”. Br J Nut., Vol. 96, No. 6, PP: 1053–1059.
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Auersperger, I., Knap, B., Jerlin, A., Blagus, R., Lainscak, M., Skitek, M., et al. (2012). “The effects of 8 weeks of endurance running on hepcidin concentrations, inflammatory parameters, and iron status in female runners”. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab., Vol. 22, No. 1, PP: 55-63. [Abstract].
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Bendich, A., Zilberboim, R. (2010). “Iron and women's health”. Nutrition and Health., Vol. 4, PP: 327-350.
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Bouassida, A., Zalleg, D., Bouassida, S., Zaouali, M., Feki, Y., Zbidi, A., et al. (2006). “Leptin, its implication in physical exercise and training: a short review”. J Sport Sci Med., Vol. 5, PP: 172-181.
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Boudou, P., Sobngwi, E., Mauvais-Jarvis, F., Vexiau, P., Gautier, J. F. (2003). “Absence of exercise-induced variations in adiponectin levels despite decreased abdominal adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic men”. Eur J Endocrin., Vol. 1, No. 149, PP: 421–424.
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Bourque, S. P., Pate, R. R., Branch, J. D. (1997). “Twelve weeks of endurance exercise training does not affect iron status measures in women”. J Am Diet Assoc., Vol. 97, No. 10, PP: 1116-1121.
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Foster-Schubert, K. E., Mc Tiernan, A., Scott Frayo, R., Schwartz, R. S., Rajan, K. B., Yasui, Y., et al. (2005). “Human plasma ghrelin levels increase during a one-year exercise program”. J Clin Endocrinol Metab., Vol. 90, No. 2, PP: 820-825.
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Ganz, T. (2011). “Hepcidin and iron regulation, 10 years later”. Blood., Vol. 117, No. 17, PP: 4425-4433.
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Gomez-Merino, D., Chennaoui, M., Drogou, C., Bonneau, D., Guezennec, C. Y. (2002). “Decrease in serum leptin after prolonged physical activity in men”. Med Sci Sports Exer., Vol. 34, PP: 1594-1599.
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38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Resistance Exercise on MyoD Expression in Slow and Fast Muscles of Wistar Rats
AbstractBackground and Objective: satellite cells are muscle stem cells that enter cycle cells due to myotrauma. Among activation and proliferation indices of these cells is increase of myoD gene expression. But these are contradiction in response of this gene to resistance exercise in fast and slow fibers. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single bout of resistance exercise on myoD gene expression in fast and slow skeletal muscle in Wistar male rats.Materials and Methods: 15 rats prepared from Pasteur Institute and housed under natural conditions (temperature, light/dark (12-h) cycle, with ad Libitum access to food and water). The rats randomly divided to two groups Resistance exercise (n=10) and control (n=5); the Resistance exercise group performed a session resistance exercise. three and six hours following, the rats were anaesthetized and killed, than to determine myoD gene expression rate the soleus and Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were removed, to determine of expression rate, the Quantitative Real time RT-PCR was used. Data were analyzed by t test.Results: the Resistance exercise increased myoD gene expression 2.36 flod (no significantly) in EDL muscle, the SOL myoD gene expression no changed significantly. Conclusion: myoD gene in fast-twitch muscle than in slow-twitch muscle is more and faster affected by resistance exercise.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_53217_8dc8533d83db4c765e8268afd8b4d3eb.pdf
2015-01-21
435
449
10.22059/jsb.2015.53217
Resistance exercise
myoD
Extensor digitorum longus and Soleus muscle
Mohammad
Fathi
m_fathi723@yahoo.com
1
Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Physical Education Department, Humanities Faculty, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Gharakhanlou
ghara_re@modares.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Physical Education Department, Humanities Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Masoud
Solimani
soleim_m@modares.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor, Hematology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid
Rajabi
hrajabi1346@gmail.com
4
Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Raziyeh
Rezaei
ngnrezaei@yahoo.com
5
Ph.D. Student of Exercise Physiology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Megeney, L.A., et al., MyoD is required for myogenic stem cell function in adult skeletal muscle. Genes & Development, 1996. 10(10): p. 1173-1183.
1
2. Biressi, S. and T.A. Rando, Heterogeneity in the muscle satellite cell population. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 2010. 21(8): p. 845-854.
2
3. Hawke, T.J. and D.J. Garry, Myogenic satellite cells: physiology to molecular biology. J Appl Physiol, 2001. 91(2): p. 534-51.
3
4. Holterman, C.E. and M.A. Rudnicki, Molecular regulation of satellite cell function. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 2005. 16(4-5): p. 575-584.
4
5. Zammit, P.S., All muscle satellite cells are equal, but are some more equal than others? Journal of Cell Science, 2008. 121(18): p. 2975-2982.
5
6. Hameed, M., et al., Expression of IGF-I splice variants in young and old human skeletal muscle after high resistance exercise. The Journal of Physiology, 2002. 547(1): p. 247-254.
6
7. Raue, U., et al., Myogenic gene expression at rest and after a bout of resistance exercise in young (18-30 yr) and old (80-89 yr) women. J Appl Physiol, 2006. 101(1): p. 53-9.
7
8. Hughes, S.M., et al., MyoD protein is differentially accumulated in fast and slow skeletal muscle fibres and required for normal fibre type balance in rodents. Mech Dev, 1997. 61(1-2): p. 151-63.
8
9. Tamaki, T., et al., Limited myogenic response to a single bout of weight-lifting exercise in old rats. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2000. 278(6): p. C1143-52.
9
10. Snijders, T., L.B. Verdijk, and L.J.C. van Loon, The impact of sarcopenia and exercise training on skeletal muscle satellite cells. Ageing Research Reviews, 2009. 8(4): p. 328-338.
10
11. Schultz, E. and K.M. McCormick, Skeletal muscle satellite cells. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol, 1994. 123: p. 213-257.
11
12. Smith, H.K., et al., Exercise-enhanced satellite cell proliferation and new myonuclear accretion in rat skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol, 2001. 90(4): p. 1407-14.
12
13. Vissing, K., et al., Effect of sex differences on human MEF2 regulation during endurance exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2008. 294(2): p. E408-15.
13
14. Favier, F.B., H. Benoit, and D. Freyssenet, Cellular and molecular events controlling skeletal muscle mass in response to altered use. Pflugers Arch, 2008. 456(3): p. 587-600.
14
15. Liu, Y., et al., Response of growth and myogenic factors in human skeletal muscle to strength training. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2007. 42(12): p. 989-993.
15
16. Godfrey, J., et al., Interrupted Resistance Training and BMD in Growing Rats. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2009. 30(08): p. 579-584.
16
17. Livak, K.J. and T.D. Schmittgen, Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods, 2001. 25(4): p. 402-8.
17
18. Silver, N., et al., Selection of housekeeping genes for gene expression studies in the adult rat submandibular gland under normal, inflamed, atrophic and regenerative states. BMC Mol Biol, 2008. 9: p. 64.
18
19. Talmadge, R.J., Myosin heavy chain isoform expression following reduced neuromuscular activity: potential regulatory mechanisms. Muscle Nerve, 2000. 23(5): p. 661-79.
19
20. Willoughby, D.S. and M.J. Nelson, Myosin heavy-chain mRNA expression after a single session of heavy-resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2002. 34(8): p. 1262-9.
20
21. Psilander, N., R. Damsgaard, and H. Pilegaard, Resistance exercise alters MRF and IGF-I mRNA content in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol, 2003. 95(3): p. 1038-44.
21
22. Vissing, K., J.L. Andersen, and P. Schjerling, Are exercise-induced genes induced by exercise? FASEB J, 2005. 19(1): p. 94-6.
22
23. Kvorning, T., et al., Suppression of testosterone does not blunt mRNA expression of myoD, myogenin, IGF, myostatin or androgen receptor post strength training in humans. The Journal of Physiology, 2006. 578(2): p. 579-593.
23
24. Drummond, M.J., et al., Aging differentially affects human skeletal muscle microRNA expression at rest and after an anabolic stimulus of resistance exercise and essential amino acids. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2008. 295(6): p. E1333-40.
24
25. Vissing, K., et al., Gene expression of myogenic factors and phenotype-specific markers in electrically stimulated muscle of paraplegics. J Appl Physiol, 2005. 99(1): p. 164-72.
25
26. Peviani, S.M., et al., Short bouts of stretching increase myo-D, myostatin and atrogin-1 in rat soleus muscle. Muscle & Nerve, 2007. 35(3): p. 363-370.
26
27. Miyata, T., S. Tanaka, and K. Tachino, MyoD and myogenin mRNA levels after single session of treadmill exercise in rat skeletal muscle. Journal of physical therapy science, 2009. 21(1): p. 81-84.
27
28. Richard-Bulteau, H., et al., Recovery of skeletal muscle mass after extensive injury: positive effects of increased contractile activity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2008. 294(2): p. C467-76.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Twelve weeks High Intensity Training Interval (HIIT) on Leptin Levels and Obesity Dependent Factors among Female Students Suffering Overweight
Leptin is a hormone, which is secreted from fat tissue, has an important role to set cell metabolism and energy balance. The present study aims at the effect of twelve weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) on leptin level and obesity dependent factors among female students suffering overweight. In this semi-experimental study, twenty four students with BMI of 25-30 kg/m2 were selected purposefully and randomly divided and put in two groups of experimental with average of (age 22.60 ± 0.97 years, weight 85.50 ± 2.37 kg, and height 166.80 ± 2.82 cm) and control group with average of (age 23.20 ± 1.3 years, weight 82.90 ± 3.18 kg, and height 168.20 ± 1.87 cm). Experimental group exercised an aerobic high intensity training for twelve weeks, three sessions a week, with the intensity of 90 percent of maximum heartbeat. Amount of leptin of plasma, fat percentage, body mass index and waist to hip ratio were calculated before and after exercise. Data gathered using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and dependent and independent t test were analyzed in a significance level of α≤0.05. Results showed that twelve weeks high intensity training of running has had a significance effect (P≤0.05) on reduction of serum level of leptin of plasma, body weight, fat percentage, BMI and WHR in experimental group comparing control group. It seems that high intensity interval training as a non invasive, non drug method can have a positive effect to decline leptin level and some factors dependent to obesity and overweigh.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_53220_d7c944606e3c4568810664afdbad9fed.pdf
2015-01-21
451
465
10.22059/jsb.2015.53220
leptin
high intensity interval training
BMI
Fat Percentage
overweight
Mohammad Ebrahim
Bahram
bahramsport2010@gmail.com
1
MSc of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Mogharnasi
m_mogharnasi@yahoo.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
آذربایجانی، محمدعلی. عابدی، بهرام. پیری، مقصود. رسایی، محمدجواد. (1391). اثر یک جلسه تمرین ترکیبی مقاومتی و هوازی بر غلظت لپتین سرم و شاخص مقاومت به انسولین در مردان غیرفعال. مجلۀ دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم. دورۀ 6، شمارۀ 1، ص 53-46.
1
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2
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8
Bouassida A, Chamari K, Zaouali M, Feki Y, Zbidi A, Tabka Z. (2010). Review on Leptin and Adiponectin Responses and Adaptations to Acute and Chronic Exercise. Br J Sports Med. 44(9); PP: 620-30.
9
Fatouros IG, Tournis S, Leontsini D, et al. (2005). Leptin and adiponectin responses in overweight inactive elderly following resistance training and detraining are intensity related. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 90 (11); PP: 5970-7.
10
Fasshauer M, Klein J, Lossner U, Paschke R. (2003). Interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA Expression Is Stimulated by Insulin,Isoproterenol, Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha, Growth Hormone, and IL-6 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Horm Metab Res. 35 (3); PP: 147-52.
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Fuentes T, Ara I, Guadalupe‐Grau A, Larsen S, Stallknecht B, Olmedillas H, & Guerra B. (2010). Leptin receptor 170 k Da (OB‐R170) protein expression is reduced in obese human skeletal muscle: a potential mechanism of leptin resistance. Experimental physiology. 95(1), PP: 160-71.
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18
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19
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22
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29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of Bone Mineral Density in Menopause Women Athletes in Weight-Bearing and Non-Weight-Bearing Sports
The current study which is an expacto one,has been carried out with the purpose of comparing the Bone Mineral Density(BMD) of menopause women athletes who were professional at weight bearing sports and non-weight bearing sports.The Participants were all menopause women athletes of Tehran that 20 of them were aimfully put in two groups: The weight bearing sports group(handball and basketball; n=10)with average age of 54.50 ±2.7 , height of 163.60 ±4.69 m,and weight of 70.50±9.02 kg; and the non-weight bearing sports group(swimming;n=10) with average age of 54.80±1.54,height of 159±5.29 m, and weight of 64.55±4.10 kg. The BMD and BMC of the athletes’ femur and L2 _L4 lumbar were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA); and the data was analyzed by SPSS18 software,the Independent t-test and analysis of covariance. The results showed that the BMD of femur neck, L2 _L4 lumbar and total hip(P≤0.001)and femur trochanter (P≤0.05).In weight bearing sports group have a significant difference in comparison with those of non-weight bearing ones. The BMC levels of the weight bearing ones in femur neck, L2 _L4 lumbar, total hip and femur trochanter were higher than those of non-weight bearing ones.Also the BMC levels of weight bearing group in femur neck,femur trochanter(P≤0.001) and total hip(P≤0.05),had a significant difference with the non-weight bearing group.The BMC levels of the weight bearing group in femur neck, femur trochanter and total hip were higher than those of non-weight bearing ones. but in the BMC levels of L2 _L4 lumbar there was not a significant difference between the two groups.According to these results we can conclude that weight bearing sports _with high levels of mechanical stress_ in comparison with non-weight bearing sports with lower levels of mechanical stress can lead to more increase in BMD and BMC levels of women, in their middle ages and menopause periode.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_53223_359c6778cd4dc36421e4b2ccfac6952b.pdf
2015-01-21
467
481
10.22059/jsb.2015.53223
Keywords: menopause women
bone mineral density (BMD)
bone mineral content (BMC)
weight bearing
non-weight bearing
Seyedeh Elham
Hosseini
ehosseini128@gmail.com
1
M.Sc. of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran,
LEAD_AUTHOR
Majid
Kashef
kashef1337@gmail.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Manijeh
Noroziyan
mn1327@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of 6 Weeks Endurance Training on theLevels of some Cytokines in Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer Bearing Mice
The aim of this study was assessing the adjuvant therapy of exercise on cytokines balance in mice with breast cancer tumor. Twenty female Balb/C mice were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. After orientation in the environment, estrogen-receptor dependent breast cancer cells (MC4-L2) were injected to them and experimental group performed endurance training 5 day in week for 6 weeks and with moderate intensity. Mice were daily evaluated about tumor growth. Finally, the mice were sacrificed; tumor tissue was removed and immediately frozen and kept in -70°C. Tumor sample was homogenized and levels of IL-17 and IFN- were measured and quantified using ELISA. There was significant decrease on level of IL-17 in experimental group than control group (p=0.03). Also, level of IFN-γ was increased, but it wasn’t significant (p=0.55). Tumor volume reduced in experimental group than control group (p=0.005). Although, IL-17 involved in angiogenesis, development and metastasis, decreased level of this cytokine along with reduced tumor volume shows exercise lead to reduction of tumor growth by decreasing of this cytokine. Also, increase in level of IFN-γ in experimental group shows exercise training lead to induction anti-tumor cell-mediated immunity by cytokines modification in intra-tumor that show protective effect of exercise training at anti-tumor immunity. We can conclude endurance training has effective role at inhibition of tumor growth in estrogen-receptor dependent cancers.
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_53224_5e99ef904c6b7ee544d7987758616c63.pdf
2015-01-21
483
496
10.22059/jsb.2015.53224
Breast Cancer
Endurance training
IL-17
IFN-γ
Hamid
Agha-Alinejad
halinejad@modares.ac.ir
1
Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad amin
Saei
mohamadamin.saei@yahoo.com
2
MSc of Exercise Physiology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Mahdavi
mahdavivac@gmail.com
3
PhD of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sadegh
Amani Shalamzari
amani_sadegh@yahoo.com
4
PhD of Exercise Physiology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdolreza
Kazemi
rkazemi22@yahoo.com
5
PhD of Exercise Physiology, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Marjan
Pirayesh
pirayesh.marjan@yahoo.com
6
MSc of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University of Kerman, Science and Research Branch, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Abstracts
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_53324_1b63fb33b1b58e7cfa58549afa1e4bd7.pdf
2015-01-21
1
8
10.22059/jsb.2015.53324