The Effect of Progressive Resistance Training on Muscle Mass and Oxidative - Antioxidative Markers in Muscle Tissue of Diabetic Rats
Ali
Samadi
Assistance Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
author
Abass ali
Gaeni
۲. استاد، دانشکدۀ تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی دانشگاه تهران
author
Ali asghar
Ravasi
Professor, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 4. PhD in Exercise Physiology, Tehran
author
Maryam
Khalesi
phd graduate university of mazandaran
author
text
article
2017
per
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a period of progressive resistance training on muscle mass and muscular oxidative - antioxidative markers in diabetic rats. In an experimental study, 24 Wistar rats were divided into two groups: resistance training (n=12) and control (n=12). Diabetes was induced by single-dose injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg of body weight, intra protaneal, dissolved in phosphate buffer). Training group performed resistance training for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. 48 hours after the last training session, animals were anesthetized and blood was taken from the heart; then, the flexor hallucis longus muscle (FHL) was removed from the lower limb. Independent samples t test was used to compare the groups. In resistance training group, FHL muscle mass and FHL muscle mass / body weight ratio were significantly higher than the control group (P=0.002 and P=0.033 respectively). Level of MDA in FHL muscle of resistance training group was 12.2% higher than the control group, but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P=0.176). Protein Carbonyl (PC) level of FHL muscle in training group was 26% lower than the control group but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P=0.062). Moreover, findings showed that total glutathione content (T-GSH) of FHL muscle in training group was 36.8% higher than the control group (P<0.001). The observed increase in muscle mass along with improvements in T-GSH content and PC suggests that resistance training decreased muscle oxidative stress and can have beneficial antiatrophy effects in diabetes.
Journal of Sport Biosciences
University of Tehran
2008-9325
9
v.
3
no.
2017
301
314
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64717_4d79f2ceb076a39a6ea8a03ca45550d0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jsb.2017.43174.684
The Effect of 12 Weeks of Strength-Power Training with Different Loads on Muscular and Performing Functions in Soccer Players
Ali Asghar
Mazani
Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran
author
Mohammad reza
Hamedineya
Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
author
Amir Hossain
Haghighi
Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
author
Nosratollah
Hedayatipour
Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Bojnord University, Bojnord, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of strength-power training with different loads on muscular and performing functions in elite soccer players. 36 subjects from 4 universities were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: group 1 (strength-power training with 60-70% of 1RM), group 2 (strength-power training with 70-80% of 1RM) and group 3 (strength - power training with 80-90% of 1RM). Strength-power training program included 6 movements which were performed for 12 weeks (3 sessions per week) for all groups. Results showed that heavy load significantly increased muscular strength of lower body compared with the light load. The heavy and intermediate loads significantly increased anaerobic power of lower body compared with the light load. The heavy load significantly decreased the time of 20 and 30 meter run and Hoff test compared with the light and intermediate loads. No significant differences were observed in other loads. Also, there were no significant differences in the 10 meter sprint and explosive power. It is suggested that soccer players should use strength- power training with the load of 80-90% of 1RM to improve their muscular and performing functions.
Journal of Sport Biosciences
University of Tehran
2008-9325
9
v.
3
no.
2017
315
332
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64740_f55cd927c20cb922b2d0d85bd2680a9c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jsb.2018.64740
The Effect of 6 Weeks of Endurance Training on Gene Expression of GSK-3β in the Motor Area of the Spinal Cord of Male Wistar Rats with Diabetic Neuropathy
Faranak
Sadeghi
.PhD Student, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
Reza
GHarakhanlou
Assosiate Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
Masoud
Rahmati
Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khoram Abaad, Iran
author
Mansoureh
Movahedin
Professor, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta is a regulator key of many signaling pathways. It is reported that inhibition of this kinase increases neuronal survival. Accordingly, in this study, the effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the gene expression of GSK-3β in the motor area of the spinal cord of male Wistar rats with diabetic neuropathy was investigated. For this aim, 16 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: healthy control, healthy trained, neuropathy control, neuropathy trained. Intraperitoneal injection of a STZ (streptozotocin) solution (45 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes. 2 weeks after STZ injection, the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia tests demonstrated the diabetic neuropathy. A moderate endurance training protocol was performed for 6 weeks. 24 hours after the last training session, the rats were sacrificed and the L4-L6 motor neurons of the spinal cord tissue were removed. GSK-3β mRNA expression was performed using Real Time-PCR. Statistical analysis showed that neuropathy trained group experienced a decrease in the GSK-3β expression compared with neuropathy control group (P=0.02). On the other hand, there was a significant difference between healthy control and neuropathy control groups (P=0.02), that is to say the gene expression increased in neuropathy control group. However, there was no significant difference between healthy control and neuropathy trained groups. The results show that one of the factors involved in the spread of damage to motor neurons of diabetic neuropathy is incremental regulation of mRNAGSK-3β and training as a non-pharmacotherapy strategy can modulate and return it to normal levels. Therefore, it is suggested that GSK-3β should receive attention as a novel treatment target in diabetes.
Journal of Sport Biosciences
University of Tehran
2008-9325
9
v.
3
no.
2017
333
349
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64756_277eea5d88d3dfddd10200bf194cad86.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jsb.2018.64756
The Effect of 6 Weeks of Endurance Training on Gene Expression of GSK-3β in the Motor Area of the Spinal Cord of Male Wistar Rats with Diabetic Neuropathy
Ali
Emami
Ph.D. in Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Movement, Sport Sciences Faculty , Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
author
ASghar
Tofighi
Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Movement, Sport Sciences Faculty , Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
author
Siyamak
Rezaei Asri
Department of Clinical Pathology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta is a regulator key of many signaling pathways. It is reported that inhibition of this kinase increases neuronal survival. Accordingly, in this study, the effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the gene expression of GSK-3β in the motor area of the spinal cord of male Wistar rats with diabetic neuropathy was investigated. For this aim, 16 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: healthy control, healthy trained, neuropathy control, neuropathy trained. Intraperitoneal injection of a STZ (streptozotocin) solution (45 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes. 2 weeks after STZ injection, the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia tests demonstrated the diabetic neuropathy. A moderate endurance training protocol was performed for 6 weeks. 24 hours after the last training session, the rats were sacrificed and the L4-L6 motor neurons of the spinal cord tissue were removed. GSK-3β mRNA expression was performed using Real Time-PCR. Statistical analysis showed that neuropathy trained group experienced a decrease in the GSK-3β expression compared with neuropathy control group (P=0.02). On the other hand, there was a significant difference between healthy control and neuropathy control groups (P=0.02), that is to say the gene expression increased in neuropathy control group. However, there was no significant difference between healthy control and neuropathy trained groups. The results show that one of the factors involved in the spread of damage to motor neurons of diabetic neuropathy is incremental regulation of mRNAGSK-3β and training as a non-pharmacotherapy strategy can modulate and return it to normal levels. Therefore, it is suggested that GSK-3β should receive attention as a novel treatment target in diabetes.
Journal of Sport Biosciences
University of Tehran
2008-9325
9
v.
3
no.
2017
351
369
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64758_4c360a875a3dcaa50178b2402938fc54.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jsb.2018.64758
The Effect of 6 Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Plasma Levels of Apelin and Nitric Oxide in Inactive middle Aged Men
Siroos
Choobineh
. Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Fatemeh
Shabkhiz
Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Hafez
Rahimzadeh
PhD Student of Exercise Physiology of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Hossein
Barzegari Marvast
. PhD Student of Exercise Physiology of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Vasodilators are one of the key regulators of blood pressure and cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high intensity interval training on apelin and nitric oxide changes as vasodilators and regulators of blood pressure. In this study, apelin and nitric oxide were measured before and after 6 weeks of interval training. For this purpose, 2 groups: experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) of middle aged men (age range 45-55) in Tehran city were randomly selected. High intensity interval training protocol consisted of 10 intervals (45 seconds with 85-90% of heart rate reserve and 2 minutes of recovery) which was performed by the experimental group in 6 weeks. At the end of the third week, intensity of training increased to 12 training intervals and 90 seconds of recovery. 48 hours after the last training session, blood samples and anthropometric measures and body composition were taken. The results showed that 6 weeks of high intensity interval training intervention significantly increased apelin (P=0.001) and nitric oxide (P=0.001) while it significantly reduced systolic (P=0.001) and diastolic (P=0.002) blood pressures in the experimental group. The results indicated the beneficial effect of exercise on apelinergic system and blood pressure and also showed that those with high blood pressure may have high intensity interval activity. However, this idea requires further research on the role of high intensity interval training and its relationship with blood pressure.
Journal of Sport Biosciences
University of Tehran
2008-9325
9
v.
3
no.
2017
371
382
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64759_0383acb514b7e6db309d1f816f62210f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jsb.2018.64759
The Effect of Upper and Lower Body Interval Exercise on Fat Metabolism in Obese Women
Minoo
Basami
.Assistant Professor, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Core Research of health physiology and physical activity, Tehran, Iran
author
Sajad
Ahmadizad
.Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
author
Sayeh
Hatefi
MSc of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of upper and lower body interval exercise on fat metabolism in obese individuals. 12 obese women (body mass index 31.1±5.5 kg/m2, age 32.9±7.08 years) voluntarily participated in the study and performed a session of interval exercise on a cycle ergometer and another session on arm cranking ergometer with one-week interval, 2 min. of activity at 85% of VO2max and 4 min. of active recovery at 45% of VO2max for 30 min. Two blood samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise. To calculate fat oxidation, oxygen consumption and expired CO2 were measured. Glycerol concentration increased significantly (P<0.05) following the interval exercise although the no significant differences were observed between upper and lower body interval exercise (P>0.05). Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) decreased following the upper body interval exercise, while, it increased following lower body interval exercise (P<0.05). Fat oxidation for total activities during lower body exercise was significantly (P<0.05) higher than upper body exercise, but, there was no significant difference in fat oxidation for sets and their total between the two sessions of exercise (P>0.05). Based on the findings of the present study, lipolysis increases following interval exercise in obese women and lower body interval exercise is more effective when burning fat than upper body interval exercise. Therefore, it is suggested that individuals should concentrate on lower body exercises to increase fat oxidation.
Journal of Sport Biosciences
University of Tehran
2008-9325
9
v.
3
no.
2017
383
398
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64771_8bdef2bdc96d401c720a2cc65e3b3a63.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jsb.2018.64771
The Effect of 10 Weeks of Resistance Training with Vaccinium Arctostaphylos Supplementation on Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women with Type II Diabetes
Javad
Vakili
Assistant Professor in Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
Naser
Aghamohammadzadeh
Associate Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
author
Tannaz
Mirza alilu
MSc in Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Type II diabetes is a metabolic disorder that results in different undesirable effects such as cardiovascular diseases. Different methods such as correction of lifestyle and nutrition are suggested to prevent its undesirable effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of 10 weeks of resistance training with Vaccinium arctostaphylos supplementation on some cardiovascular risk factors in women with type II diabetes. In a semi-experimental study, 31 middle-aged women with type II diabetes (mean age 41.12±3.76 years, weight 79.15±7.9 kg and body mass index (BMI) 30.70±2.26) voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly assigned to four groups: control (C), training (T), supplement (S) and combined (supplement + training) (ST) and followed their training protocol and supplementation for 10 weeks. Training group conducted resistance training with weights for major muscles with 40-85% of one repetition maximum (1RM) for 10 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Supplement group daily took 2 capsules (each 500mg) of Vaccinium arctostaphylos twice a day (at breakfast and lunch). Combined group had training and supplementation together while the control group did not participate in any intervention. Blood samples were collected before training and 48 hours after the last training session to measure triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin resistance. Two-way ANOVA (2*4) was used for data analysis at significance level of 0.05. The results showed a significant decrease in FBG and insulin resistance in both training and supplement groups (P<0.05). The effect of training was significant on TG, TC, LDL and HDL, but the effect of the supplement was not significant on the above mentioned factors (P˃0.05). It seems that resistance training influences lipid profile and insulin resistance and Vaccinium arctostaphylos supplement improves undesirable effects of diabetes.
Journal of Sport Biosciences
University of Tehran
2008-9325
9
v.
3
no.
2017
399
413
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64780_1f957ce0c20297507a792b95acfe644c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jsb.2018.64780
A Comparison of Nerve Conduction Velocity of Dominant and Non-Dominant Lower Limb in Athletes and Non-Athletes
Say mostafa
Sarabzadeh
MSc in Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Mashhad Branch, Iran
author
Mohammad
Shariatzadeh Jonadi
Assistant Professor and Faculty Member, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
author
Bita
Bordbar Azari
PhD Student in Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The aim of this study was to compare nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of lower limb in 3 groups (each group 8 subjects): soccer players (SOC), mid-endurance runners (MR), endurance runners (ER) and a control group (C) with the age range of 21-26. To evaluate electroneurography parameters and conduction velocity of each subject, separate peripheral nerve test with the electroneurography system (ENG) was performed. For data analysis, analysis of variance was used to compare mean nerve conduction velocity in dominant and non-dominant limbs of all groups and Tukey post hoc test was used in case of a difference among the groups. The results for both DL and NDL reported significant differences between MR and ER (P=0) (P=0) and between SOC and ER (P=0) (P=0). Also, there were significant differences between MR and C (P=0.002) (P=0.002) and between SOC and C (P=0) (P=0.013). In terms of the differences of DL and NDL, a significant difference was observed only in SOC (P=0.04). Based on the present study, it can be stated that probably nerve conduction of lower limb of athletes has developed mostly in higher intensity sports and it may be related to their similar energy systems. Also, dominant leg and a concentration on this leg is higher in training patterns of changing environment than mere endurance fields with constant environmental stimuli
Journal of Sport Biosciences
University of Tehran
2008-9325
9
v.
3
no.
2017
415
429
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64787_c9648d26972ca2043e011d3250dd5a05.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jsb.2018.64787
A Comparison of QTc among Elite, Club and Beginner Male Athletes at Rest and in Exhaustive Exercise
Ali Reza
Kashef
M.Sc Student of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
author
Frashad
GHazaleyan
. Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
author
Nader
shakeri
. Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
One of the reasons of sudden death in sport is the prolonged QT interval. The aim of this study was to compare QTc of electrocardiography of elite, club and beginner male athletes. 7 male athletes of canoe national team, 10 male football players of Niroo-E-Zamini club and 10 male non-athlete students were selected as the sample. The mean and SD were as follows: elite subjects: age 22.42±2.43 yrs, height 182.14±4.29 cm, weight 81.28±6.16 kg and BMI 24.53±2.13; club subjects: age 20.30±0.48 yrs, height 177.5±4.27 cm, weight 71.6±6.44 kg and BMI 22.69±1.47; beginner subjects: age 20.20±1.93 yrs, height 176.4±4.71 cm, weight 70.92±7.5 kg and BMI 22.77±2.13. All subjects participated in Bruce protocol until exhaustion. Before and after the Bruce test, their ECG was recorded with ECG Machine. After QTc time interval was calculated, the results were extracted by MANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test. The results showed a significant difference in QTc time interval at rest and exhaustion among the 3 groups (P<0.001). Also, QTc time interval at rest (P<0.001) and exhaustion (P<0.01) significantly increased from beginner to elite athletes. Therefore, it can be concluded that exercise and physical fitness may increase the ventricular depolarization and repolarization and heart function.
Journal of Sport Biosciences
University of Tehran
2008-9325
9
v.
3
no.
2017
431
441
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64788_2968109dd63111a23d6bc1acf6bc0b19.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jsb.2018.64788
The Effect of 4 Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training on Pro-Angiogenesis Gene Expression of Endothelial Cells in Skeletal Muscle of Rats
Mohsen
Aminizadeh
PhD Student of Health in Disaster and Emergency Situations, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
author
Ahad
Shafiee
MSc in Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Mohammas Reza
Kordi
Associate Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Mahla sadat
Nabavi Zadeh
. MSc in injuries and corrective exercises, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Mir-210 is pro-angiogenic micro-RNA in endothelial cells that improves angiogenesis process by suppressing (EphrinA3) and increasing the migration of some gene and protein targets (VEGF). In this study, 12 male rats (age: 8 weeks, mean weight: 180±20 g) were selected and randomly divided into control (n=6) and exercise (n=6) groups. High intensity interval training was performed for 4 weeks, 5 days a week including 3 high intervals (4 minutes at 90-100% of VO2max) and 3 low intervals (2 minutes at 50-60% VO2max). Gene expression was calculated by Real time-PCR technique and 2-∆∆CT. Independent t test was used to determine the significance of variables between the groups.The results showed that high intensity interval training significantly changed the increase of gene expression of Mir-210 and VEGF (P=0.005) (P=0.003). Also, the decrease in gene expression of EphrinA3 receptor in the exercise group was significant compared with the control group (P=0.000). Generally, perhaps due to hypoxiawhich happened along with high intensity interval training, increased gene expression of Mir-210 and VEGF improved the pro-angiogenic function of endothelial cells and this adaptation increased angiogenesis in rats.
Journal of Sport Biosciences
University of Tehran
2008-9325
9
v.
3
no.
2017
443
456
https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/article_64791_1f32d8533f510de96965995a530f765c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jsb.2018.64791